316 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 



not available, flowers of the common Bean or Pea, 

 or the Sweet-pea or Vetch may be taken, they will 

 be found to be almost exactly like those of CROTALARIA 

 except that the anthers are all of one shape, not of 

 two as in CROTALARIA. 



These are all members of the PAPILIONACE.E, a 

 family which is easier to recognize perhaps than any 

 other, because of the peculiar form of the flower, with 

 its 'standard', 'wings' and 'keel', and its one-celled 

 pod (legume) (see figs. 30, p. 145, and 34, p. 148). 



Except in some species of CROTALARIA and one or 

 two other genera, the leaves are invariably compound 

 with three leaflets (trifoliate), or many (pinnate), and 

 in nearly all too the leaf stalk and the stalks of the 

 leaflets have a conspicuous pulvinus at the base. 



All the pulses (the introgenous, non-cereal seeds 

 which are such valuable articles of food all over the 

 world), the Grams, Peas and Beans, belong to this 

 family. Clover and Lucerne are grown in cooler 

 climates as green-fodder for animals. The English 

 Laburnum (not the Indian Laburnum which belongs 

 to the next family, the C^ESALPINE^:) the Wistaria, 

 Gorse, Broom and Lupin, are also members of the 

 PAPILIONACE^E, and well known for their flowers on 

 the hills or in cooler countries. 



BUTEA FRONDOSA, Roxb., is a common tree on the 

 plains, and has large red flowers of which the keel is 

 by far the largest, the standard the smallest part. 

 CLITOREA TERNATEA, L., a twiner with usually five- 

 foliate, pinnate leaves, has a large blue standard, and 

 the flower hangs upside down so that the standard 

 forms a sort of shelf in front of the flower. But 



