334 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 



in HYDROPHYLAX, and SPERMACOCE or a capsule as 

 in OLDENLANDLA, and CINCHONA, or a berry as in 

 MUSS^ENDA and RANDIA. 



The family is divided into two main groups, ac- 

 cording as the seeds are one in each cell or many, 

 -and into smaller groups according to the aestivation 

 of the corolla, whether twisted (convolute) or valvate, 

 and to the nature of the fruit, and the position of the 

 radical of the embryo, whether, in the fruit, it points 

 upwards or downwards. 



Other well-known examples of the family are 

 GARDENIA grown in gardens and often with double 

 flowers. 



* CINCHONA planted on the hills for its bark, from 

 which quinine is extracted. The stipules fall off early 

 so that at first sight the plant may not appear to 

 belong to this family. The fruit is a capsule splitting 

 open from below. The leaves are elliptic or oblong, 

 acuminate. 



* COFFEA ARABICA, L., the Coffee. The fruit is a 

 berry with two seeds enclosed in 'parchment' (p. 244). 

 It is the seeds which are roasted and ground. 



MORINDA CITRIFOLIA, L., and M. TINCTORIA, Roxb., 

 the Indian Mulberry (Togari-wood), cultivated over the 

 hotter parts of India for the dye obtained from the 

 roots. Botanically speaking this genus is chiefly in- 

 teresting because of the coalescence of the fruits of a 

 cluster of flowers into one mass forming a multiple 

 or collective fruit of several drupes. 



SPERMACOCE HISPIDA, L., a very scabrid and hairy 

 procumbent herb, which is common enough on the 

 plains of India. 



