SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDERS. 15 



.*- 2. Ovary 1 -celled, 1 -seeded; trees or shrubs (except some Urticacese). 

 *- Calyx regular, the stamens as many as the lobes and opposite them or 



fewer ; ovary superior . 



99. Urticaceae (p. 461). Flowers monoecious, dioecious, or (in Ulmeae) per- 

 fect. Seeds exalbuminous or nearly so. Inflorescence very various. 

 *-* -H. Perianth mostly none ; at least the staminate flowers in aments or spikes 

 or dense heads ; albumen none. 



100. Platanaceae (p. 466). Trees, with alternate palmately lobed leaves, 

 sheathing stipules, and monoecious flowers in separate globose heau. 

 Ovary superior ; fruit a club-shaped nutlet. 



101. Juglandaceas (p. 467). Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves, no stip- 

 ules, and monoecious flowers, the staminate in ameuts. Ovary inferior ; 

 fruit a nut. 



102. Myricaceee (p. 469). Shrubs, with resinous-dotted leaves, with or with- 

 out stipules, and monoecious or dioecious flowers, both kinds in short scaly 

 aments. Ovary superior, becoming a small drupe-like nut. 



-- 3. Ovary 2 - 7-celled, with 1 or 2 suspended ovules in each cell, becoming 

 1 -celled and 1 -seeded; calyx mostly none or adherent to the ovary; trees 

 or shrubs with simple leaves. 



103. Cupuliferae (p. 470). Flowers monoecious. Fruit a nut surrounded by 

 an involucre, or (in Betulese) a small winged or angled naked nutlet in 

 the axils of the scales of an ament. 



*- 4. Ovary 1 -celled, becoming a 2-valved pod with two parietal or basal pla- 

 centae bearing numerous small comose seeds ; perianth none. 



104. Salicaceae (p. 480). Dioecious trees or shrubs, with both kinds of 

 flowers in aments, and simple alternate stipulate leaves. 



*- 5. Ovary several-celled, becoming a drupe containing 3-9 1-seeded nutlets ; 

 seed erect ; low shrubby heath-like evergreens. 



105. Empetraceae (p. 487). Flowers polygamous or dioecious, scaly-bracted. 

 Sepals somewhat petaloid or none. Embryo axile in copious albumen. 



- 6. Ovary 1 -celled with a suspended ovule, becoming an achene ; calyx none ; 

 aquatic herbs, with finely dissected whorled leaves. 



106. Ceratophyllaceae (p. 488). Flowers monoecious, minute, axillary and 

 sessile. Albumen none ; the seed filled with a highly developed embryo. 



SUBCLASS II. GYMNOSPERMOUS EXOGENS. Ovules naked 

 upon a scale, bract, or disk. Cotyledons two or more. 



107. Coniferae (p. 489). Resiniferous trees or shrubs, with mostly awl- 

 shaped or needle-shaped and evergreen leaves, and monoecious or dioecious 

 flowers. 



CLASS II. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



Stems without central pith or annular layers, but having the woody 



fibres distributed irregularly through them (a transverse slice showing 



the fibres as dots scattered through the cellular tissue). Embryo with a 



single cotyledon and the early leaves always alternate. Parts of the 



