FUMARIACE^E. (FUMITORY FAMILY.) 59 



less. Annuals or biennials, with saffron-colored juice, clasping leaves, and 

 solitary yellow flowers. (The Greek name, y\avKiov, from the glaucous 

 foliage.) 



G. LtiTEUM, Scop. Lower leaves pinnatifid ; upper ones sinuate-lobed and 

 toothed, cordate-clasping; pods rough (6-10' long). Waste places S. E. 

 New Eng., Md., and Va. ; not common. (Adv. from Eu.) 



5. PAP AVER, Tourn. POPPY. 



Sepals mostly 2. Petals mostly 4. Stigmas united in a flat 4 - 20-rayed 

 crown, resting on the summit of the ovary and capsule; the latter short 

 and turgid, with 4-20 many-seeded placentae projecting like imperfect par- 

 titions, opening by as many pores or chinks under the edge of the stigma. 

 Herbs with a white juice ; the flower-buds nodding. (Derivation obscure.) 

 Three annual species of the Old World are sparingly adventive ; viz. : 



P. soMNfFERUM, L. (COMMON POPPY.) Smooth, glaucous ; leaves clasp- 

 ing, wavy, incised and toothed ; pod globose ; corolla mostly white or purple. 

 Near dwellings in some places. (Adv. from Eu.) 



P. DfjBiuM, L. (SMOOTH-FRUITED CORN-POPPY.) Pinnatifid leaves and 

 the long stalks bristly ; pods club-shaped, smooth ; corolla light scarlet. Cult, 

 grounds, Westchester, Penn., and southward ; rare. (Adv. from Eu.) 



P. ARGEM6NE, L. (ROUGH-FRUITED C.) Smaller, with finer-cut leaves 

 and paler flowers than the last ; pods club-shaped and bristly. Waste grounds, 

 near Philadelphia. (Adv. from Eu.) 



6. AH GEM ONE, L. PRICKLY POPPY. 



Sepals 2 or 3, often prickly. Petals 4-6. Style almost none; stigmas 

 3-6, radiate. Pod oblong, prickly, opening by 3 - 6 valves at the top. Seeds 

 crested. Annuals or biennials, with prickly bristles and yellow juice. Leaves 

 sessile, siuuate-lobed, and with prickly teeth, often blotched with white. 

 Flower-buds erect, short-peduncled. (Name from fyryc/xa, a disease of the eye, 

 for which the juice of a plant so called by the Greeks was a supposed remedy.) 



1. A. platyceras, Link & Otto. Setose-hispid all over; petals white, 

 1^-2' long ; capsule armed with stout spines. Central Kan. and Neb., south 

 and westward. 



A. MEXIC\NA, L. (MEXICAN P.) Flowers yellow, rarely white. Waste 

 places, southward. July - Oct. (Adv. from trop. Amer.) 



ORDER 9. FUMARIACE^E. (FUMITORY FAMILY.) 



Delicate smooth herbs, with watery juice, compound dissected leaves, 

 irregular flowers, with 4 somewhat united petals, 6 diadelphous stamens, 

 and 2-merous pods and seeds like those of the Poppy Family. Sepals 2, 

 small and scale-like. Corolla flattened, closed ; the 4 petals in two pairs ; 

 the outer with spreading tips, and one or both of them spurred or saccate 

 at the base ; inner pair narrower, and their callous crested tips united 

 over the stigma. Stamens in two sets of 3 each, placed opposite the 

 larger petals, hypogynous ; their filaments often united ; middle anther 

 of each set 2-celled, the lateral ones 1-celled. Pod 1-celled, either 1-seeded 

 and indehiscent, or several-seeded with 2 parietal placentas and deciduous 

 valves. Leaves delicate, usually alternate, without stipules. Slightly 

 bitter, innocent plants. 



