80 VIOLACE^E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 



Var. renifblia, Gray. Slightly or strongly pubescent with soft spread 

 ing hairs; leaves round-renif orm ; petals usually beardless. (V. renifolia, 

 Gray.) Maine to Mass., western N. Y., Lake Superior, etc. 



8. V. primulaefblia, L. (PRIMROSE-LEAVED V.) Smooth or a little- 

 pubescent ; leaves oblong or ovate, abrupt or somewhat heart-shaped at the 

 base ; petals often acute, the lateral ones usually sparingly bearded. Damp 

 or dry soil, N. Eng. to Fla., toward the coast. 



9. V. lanceolata, L. (LANCE-LEAVED VIOLET.) Smooth ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, erect, blunt, tapering into a long-margined petiole, almost entire; 

 petals beardless. Damp soil ; common, especially eastward. 



==== = Flowers yellow. 



10. V.rotlindifolia, Michx. (ROUND-LEAVED VIOLET.) Leaves round 

 ovate, heart-shaped, slightly crenate ; lateral petals bearded and marked with 

 brown lines; spur very short. Cold woods, Maine to Minn., and south along 

 the Alleghanies. Smoothish ; leaves 1' broad at flowering, increasing to 3 

 or 4' in the summer, then lying flat on the ground, shining above. 



* * Leafy -stemmed ; all perennial with short rootstocks. 

 4- Low, at first nearly stemless ; flowers yellow ; stigma concave, bearded. 



11. V. Nuttallii, Pursh. Pubescent or nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate to 

 oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly crenate, decurrent on the petiole. 

 Central Kansas and westward. 



- 4- Stems erect, without root-leaves ; stipules entire ; spur very short ; stigma 



beakless, pubescent. 

 HH- Stems naked below ; flowers yellow. 



12. V. pubdscens, Ait. (DOWNY YELLOW V.) Softly pubescent (6- 

 12' high) ; leaves very broadly heart-shaped, toothed, somewhat pointed; stip- 

 ules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; lower petals veined with purple, capsule 

 oblong to globular, glabrous or tomentose. Woods ; common. Var. SCA- 

 BRITTSCULA, Torr. & Gray, smaller and greener, slightly pubescent (4-10' 

 high). R. I. to Ky , and southwestward. 



13. V. hastata, Michx. (HALBERD-LEAVED V.) Nearly glabrous, slen 

 der (4 -10' high) ; stem-leaves halberd-shaped or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly 

 serrate, acute ; stipules ovate, small. Woods, N. Ohio (near Painesville, 

 Miss Shattuck), mountains of Penn., and southward ; rare. 



*+ ** Stems more leafy and prolonged ; flowers white or purplish 



14. V. CanadSnsis, L. (CANADA V.) Upright (1-2 high); leaves 

 heart-shaped, pointed, serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals white or 

 whitish inside, the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral 

 bearded. Rich woods ; common northward and along the Alleghauies. 

 May - Aug. 



4- H- *- Stems erect or spreading (at first nearly acaulescent) ; stipules fringe 

 toothed ; spur oblong to cylindrical ; stigma naked. 



15. V. striata, Ait. (PALE V.) Stems angular, ascending (6-10' high); 

 leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute; stipules oblong-lanceolate, 

 large; spur thickish, much shorter than the cream-colored or white petals, the 



