VIOLACE^E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 81 



lateral ones bearded, the lower striped with purplish lines ; stigma beaked. 

 Low grounds, W. New Eng. to Minn, and Mo., and southward in the moun- 

 tains. April - Oct. 



16. V. rostrata, Pursh. (LONG-SPURRED V.) Stems ascending (3-6' 

 high) ; leaves roundish-heart-shaped, serrate, the upper acute ; stipules lan- 

 ceolate, large; spur slender (^ long), longer than the pale violet beardless 

 vetals ; style straight and slender ; stigma terminal, beakless. Shaded hill- 

 sides, N. New Eng. to Mich., and southward in the Alleghanies ; rather rare. 

 June, July. 



17. V. canina, L., var. Muhlenbergii, Gray. (DOG V.) Low (3-8' 

 high), mostly glabrous; stems ascending, mostly simple, from the base at 

 length producing creeping branches ; leaves heart-shaped, or the lowest kid- 

 ney-form, crenate, the uppermost slightly pointed ; stipules lanceolate ; spur 

 cylindrical, half the length of the light violet petals, the lateral ones slightly 

 bearded; stigma beaked. Damp or wet shady places; common. May- 

 July. (Eu.) Var. PUBERULA, Watson in herb. Finely puberulent; leaves 

 mostly ovate and acutish with a cordate base, often small ; flowers small and 

 mostly cleistogamous. Sandy or stony shores and islands of Lakes Huron and 

 Superior. (Robbins, Engelmann, etc.) Var. MULTiCAtrLis, Gray. Depressed 

 and stoloniferous ; flowers mostly cleistogamous ; leaves small, suborbicular 

 to reniform. Ky. to Ma. and Tex. 



2. Leaf-bearing throughout from an annual, biennial, or sometimes short-lived 

 perennial root ; the stipules large, leaf-like and lyrate-pinnatifid. 



V. TRfcoLOR, L. (PANSY. HEART'S-EASE.) Stem angled and branched; 

 leaves roundish, or the upper oval and the lowest heart-shaped, crenate or 

 entire ; petals variable in color or variegated (yellow, whitish, violet-blue and 

 purple) ; in var. ARVENSIS shorter or little longer than the calyx. Dry or 

 sandy soil, N. Y. to Iowa, Kan., and southward ; the variety sometimes seem- 

 ing like a native plant. April- Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. SO LEA, Spreng., in part. GREEN VIOLET. 



Sepals not prolonged at the base. Petals nearly equal in length, but the 

 lower one larger and gibbous or saccate at the base, more notched than 

 the others at the apex. Stamens completely united into a sheath enclosing 

 the ovary, and bearing a broad gland on the lower side. Style hooked at the 

 summit. A homely perennial herb, with stems leafy to the top, and 1-3 

 small greenish-white flowers in the axils, on short recurved pedicels. (Named 

 in honor of W. Sole, author of an essay on the British Mints.) 



1 . S. concolor, Ging. Plant 1-2 high ; leaves oblong, pointed at both 

 ends, entire; pod Y long. Woods, N. Y. to Kan., and southward. June. 



3. IONIDIUM, Vent. 



Sepals not prolonged at base. Petals very unequal, the two upper shorter, 

 the lower longest and largest, concave at base, contracted in the middle. Fila- 

 ments distinct, the two lower with a scale-like gland or spur at base ; anthers 

 merely connivent Perennials, branching and leafy, with alternate and op- 

 posite leaves, and small axillary flowers. (Name from fov t violet, and e!5oj, 

 appearance,) 



