ROSACES. (ROSE FAMILY.) 155 



lanceolate, acute at both ends, coarsely doubly serrate, thin, smooth ; peduncle 

 1 - 3-flowered. Wooded hillsides, Lab. to N. J., west to Minn, and Iowa. Se- 

 pals and petals often 6 or 7. This appears to be more properly a blackberry. 



*- -t- Stems biennial and woody, prickly ; receptacle oblong ; fruit hemispherical. 



5. R. strigdsus, Michx. (WILD RED RASPBERRY.) Stems upright, 

 and with the stalks, etc., beset with stiff straight bristles (or a few becoming 

 weak hooked prickles), glandular when young, somewhat glaucous ; leaflets 

 3-5, oblong-ovate, pointed, cut-serrate, whitish-downy underneath, the lateral 

 ones sessile; petals as long as the sepals; fruit light red. Thickets and hills, 

 Lab. to N. J., and south in the mountains to N. C., west to Minn, and Mo. 



6. R. occidentalis, L. (BLACK RASPBERRY. THIMBLEBERRY.) 

 Glaucous all over; stems recurved , armed like the stalks, etc., with hooked 

 prickles, not bristly ; leaflets 3 (rarely 5), ovate, pointed, coarsely doubly ser- 

 rate, whitened-downy underneath, the lateral ones somewhat stalked ; petals 

 shorter than the sepals ; fruit purple-black (rarely a whitish variety), ripe early 

 in July. Common, especially northward. An apparent hybrid (R. neglec- 

 tus, Peck) between this and the last species occurs, with characters intermedi- 

 ate between the two, and growing with them. 



2. Fruit, or collective drupes, not separating from the juicy prolonged recep- 

 tacle, mostly ovate or oblong, blackish; stems prickly and Jlowers white. 

 BLACKBERRY. 



7. R. villosus, Ait. (COMMON or HIGH BLACKBERRY.) Shrubby (1-6 

 high), furrowed, upright or reclining, armed with stout curved prickles ; branch- 

 lets, stalks, and lower surface of the leaves hairy and glandular ; leaflets 3 (or 

 pedately 5), ovate, pointed, unequally serrate, the terminal ones somewhat 

 heart-shaped, conspicuously stalked ; flowers racemed, numerous ; bracts short ; 

 sepals linear-pointed, much shorter than the obovate-oblong spreading petals. 

 Borders of thickets, etc., common, and very variable in size, aspect, and 

 shape of fruit. Var. FRONn6sus, Torr., is smoother and much less glan- 

 dular, with flowers more corymbose, leafy bracts and roundish petals. With 

 the type, more common at the north. Var. HUMirtrsus, Torr. & Gray, is 

 smaller and trailing, with peduncles few-flowered. More common southward, 

 and connecting with the next species. 



8. R. Canadensis, L. (Low BLACKBERRY. DEWBERRY.) Shrubby, 

 extensively trailing, slightly prickly ; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5 - 7), oval or ovate- 

 lanceolate, mostly pointed, thin, nearly smooth, sharply cut-serrate; flowers 

 racemed, with leaf -like bracts. Dry fields, common ; Newf . to Va., west to 

 central Minn, and E. Kan. 



9. R. hispidus, L. (RUNNING SWAMP-BLACKBERRY.) Stems slender, 

 scarcely woody, extensively procumbent, beset with small reflexed prickles ; leaf- 

 lets 3 (or rarely pedately 5), smooth, thickish, mostly persistent, obovate, obtuse, 

 coarsely serrate, entire toward the base; peduncles leafless, several-flowered, 

 often bristly ; Jlowers small ; fruit of few grains, black. In low woods or 

 swampy grassy ground, N. Scotia to Ga., west to Minn, and E. Kan. 



10. R. cuneifolillS, Pursh. (SAND BLACKBERRY.) Shrubby (1-3 

 high), upright, armed with stout recurved prickles, branch/ets and lower side of 

 the leaves whitish-woolly ; leaflets 3-5, wedge-obovate, thickish, serrate above ; 



