158 ROSACES. (ROSE FAMILY.) 



chiefly radical 3 - 5-lobed or divided leaves, and small yellow flowers on bracted 

 scapes. (Named in honor of Francis von Waldstein, a German botanist.) 



1. W. fragarioides, Tratt. (BARREN STRAWBERRY.) Low; leaflets 

 3, broadly wedge-form, cut-toothed ; scapes several-flowered ; petals longer than 

 the calyx. Wooded hillsides, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Ind., Mich., and Minn. 



9. FRAGARIA, Tourn. STRAWBERRY. 



Flowers nearly as in Potentilla. Styles deeply lateral. Receptacle in fruit 

 much enlarged and conical, becoming pulpy and scarlet, bearing the minute dry 

 achenes scattered over its surface. Stemless perennials, with runners, and 

 with white cymose flowers on scapes. Leaves radical ; leaflets 3, obovate- 

 wedge-form, coarsely serrate ; stipules cohering with the base of the petioles, 

 which with the scapes are usually hairy. (Name from the fragrance of the 

 fruit.) Flowering in spring. (The species are indiscriminately called WILD 

 STRAWBERRY.) 



1. F. Virginiana, Mill. Achenes imbedded in the deeply pitted fruiting 

 receptacle, which usually has a narrow neck ; calyx becoming erect after flower- 

 ing and connivent over the hairy receptacle when sterile or unfructified ; leaf- 

 lets of a firm or coriaceous texture ; the hairs of the scapes, and especially of the 

 pedicels, silky and appressed. Moist or rich woodlands, fields, etc. ; common. 



Var. Illino^nsis, Gray, is a coarser or larger plant, with flowers more 

 inclined to be polygamo-dioecious, and the viilous hairs of the scape and pedi- 

 cels widely spreading. Rich soil, western N. Y. to Minn., and westward. 



2. F. V(SCa, L. Achenes superficial on the glabrous conical or hemispherical 

 fruiting receptacle (not sunk in pits) ; calyx remaining spreading or reflexed ; 

 hairs on the scape mostly widely spreading, on the pedicels appressed ; leaflets 

 thin, even the upper face strongly marked by the veins. Fields and rocky 

 places ; less common. (Eu.) 



S. States ; an escape from cultivation. Flowers and fruit produced through 

 the summer and autumn. (Adv. from India.) 



10. POTENTILLA, L. CINQUE-FOIL. FIVE-FINGER. 



Calyx flat, deeply 5-cleft, with as many bractlets at the sinuses, thus appear- 

 ing 10-cleft. Petals 5, usually roundish. Stamens many. Achenes many, 

 collected in a head on the dry mostly pubescent or hairy receptacle ; styles 

 lateral or terminal, deciduous. Radicle superior. Herbs, or rarely shrubs, 

 with compound leaves, and solitary or cymose flowers ; their parts rarely in 

 fours. (Name a diminutive from potens, powerful, originally applied to P. 

 Anserina, from its once reputed medicinal powers.) 



1. Styles thickened and glandular toward the base ; achenes glabrous, numer- 

 ous: inflorescence cymose. 



* Style nearly basal; stamens 25-30; perennial glandular-vinous herbs, with 

 pinnate leaves, and rather large white or yellow flowers. 



1. P. argtlta, Pursh. Stems erect, usually stout (1-4 high), brownish- 

 hairy, clammy above ; leaflets 7-11, oval or ovate, cut-serrate, downy beneath , 



