UMBELLIFERJE. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 203 



nately compound leaves, mostly no involucre or involucels, and yellow flowers. 

 (The Latin name, from pastus, food.) 



P. SATIVA, L. Stem grooved; leaflets ovate to oblong, cut-toothed. 

 Introduced everywhere. (Adv. from Eu.) 



8. POLYTJENIA, DC. 



Calyx-teeth conspicuous. Fruit obovate to oval, much flattened dorsally ; 

 dorsal ribs small or obscure in the depressed back, the lateral with broad thick 

 corky closely contiguous wings forming the margin of the fruit; oil-tubes 

 12-18 about the seed and many scattered through the thick corky pericarp. 

 A perennial mostly glabrous herb, with 2-pinnate leaves (upper opposite and 

 3-cleft),the segments cuneate and incised, no involucre, narrow involucels, and 

 bright yellow flowers in May. (Named from iro\vs, many, and raivia, a flllet, 

 alluding to the numerous oil-tubes.) 



1. P. Nuttallii, DC. Plant 2 - 3 high ; pedicels and involucels pubes- 

 cent. Barrens, Mich, to N. Ala., west to the Rocky Mts. 



9. PEUCEDAWUM, L. 



Calyx-teeth mostly obsolete. Fruit roundish to oblong, much flattened 

 dorsally; dorsal ribs filiform and approximate; the lateral extended into 

 broad closely coherent wings ; oil-tubes 1 - 4 in the intervals, 2 - 6 on the com- 

 missure. Dry ground acaulescent (or short caulescent) herbs, with fusiform 

 roots, dissected leaves, no involucre, yellow or white flowers, and stylopodium 

 depressed or wanting. (The ancient Greek name.) 



1. P. nudicatlle, Nutt. Pubescent, with peduncles 3-8' high; leaves 

 bipinnate, the small oblong segments entire or toothed ; involucels of scarious-mar- 

 gined (often purplish) lanceolate bractlets ; flowers white or pinkish ; fruit almost 

 round, emarginate at base, glabrous, with wings hardly, as broad as the body, 

 and indistinct or obsolete dorsal ribs ; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. Minn, 

 to Iowa and Kan., and westward. One of the earliest spring bloomers. 



2. P. fceniculaceum, Nutt. Tomentose or glabrous, with peduncles 

 8-12' long; leaves finely dissected, with short flliform segments; involucels 

 gamophtjllous, 5 - 7-cleft, with conspicuously hairy margins ; flowers yellow ; fruit 

 broadly oblong, glabrous, with wings half as broad as the body, and prominent 

 dorsal ribs ; oil-tubes \-3in the intervals. Minn, to Tex. March - April. 



3. P. villdsum, Nutt. More or less pubescent throughout, 3-8' high ; 

 leaves flnely dissected, with very numerous narrow crowded segments , involucels 

 of ovate to linear bractlets ; flowers yellow ; fruit oval, with wings half as broad 

 as the body, and prominent dorsal ribs ; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals. Minn, 

 to Neb. and the Dakotas, southwestward to Ariz. Root much elongated. 



10. CYMOPTERUS, Raf. 



Calyx-teeth more or less prominent. Fruit usually globose, with all the 

 ribs conspicuously winged ; oil-tubes one to several in the intervals, 2 - 8 on 

 the commissure. Stylopodium depressed. Seed-face slightly concave. 

 Mostly low (often cespitose) glabrous perennials, from a thick elongated root, 

 with more or less pinnately compound leaves, with or without an involucre, 

 prominent involucels, and white flowers (in ours). (From KV/JLU, a wave, and 

 irTp6v, a wing, referring to the often undulate wings.) 



