214 CORNACE^E. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.) 



as long as the albumen, with large foliaceous cotyledons. Including two 

 genera, of which Nyssa is partly apetalous. Bark bitter and tonic. 



1. Cornus. Flowers perfect, 4-merous. Leaves mostly opposite. 



2. Nyssa. Flowers diceciously polygamous, 5-merous. Leaves alternate. 



1. CORNUS, Tourn. CORNEL. DOGWOOD. 



Flowers perfect (or in some foreign species dio3cious). Calyx minutely 4 

 toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. Stamens 4 ; filaments slender. Style 

 slender ; stigma terminal, flat or capitate. Drupe small, with a 2-celled and 

 2-seeded stone. Leaves opposite (except in one species), entire. Flowers 

 small, in open naked cymes, or in close heads surrounded by a corolla-like 

 involucre. (Name from cornu, a horn ; alluding to the hardness of the wood.) 



1. Flowers greenish, in a head or close cluster, surrounded by a large and showy, 

 ^-leaved, corolla-like, white or rarely pinkish involucre ; fruit bright red, 



1. C. Canadensis, L. (DWARF CORNEL. BUNCH-BERRY.) Stems low 

 and simple (5 - 7' high) from a slender creeping and subterranean rather woody 

 trunk; leaves scarcely petioled, the lower scale-like, the upper crowded into 

 an apparent whorl in sixes or fours, ovate or oval, pointed ; leaves of the invo- 

 lucre ovate ; fruit globular. Damp cold woods, N. J. to Ind. and Minn., and 

 the far north and west. June. 



2. C. fl6rida, L. (FLOWERING DOGWOOD.) Tree 12 -40 high; leaves 

 ovate, pointed, acutish at the base; leaves of the involucre obcordate (!' long) ; 

 fruit oval. Dry woods, from S. New Eng. to Ont. and S. Minn., south to Fla. 

 and Tex. May, June. Very showy in flower, scarcely less so in fruit. 



2. Flowers white, in open flat spreading cymes ; involucre none ; fruit spherical; 

 leaves all opposite (except in n. 9). 



# Pubescence woolly and more or less spreading. 



S. C. circinata, L'Her. (ROUND-LEAVED CORNEL or DOGWOOD.) 

 Shrub 6 - 10 high ; branches greenish, warty-dotted ; leaves round-oval, abruptly 

 pointed, woolly beneath (2 -5' broad); cymes ft&t; fruit light blue. Copses, 

 in rich or sandy soil, or on rocks, N. Scotia to the Dakotas, south to Va. and 

 Mo. June. 



4. C. sericea, L. (SILKY CORNEL. KINNIKINNIK.) Shrub 3-10 

 high ; branches purplish ; the branchlets, stalks, and lower surface of the nar- 

 rowly ovate or elliptical pointed leaves silky-downy (often rusty), pale and dull; 

 cymes flat, close; calyx-teeth lanceolate; fruit pale blue. Wet places, Canada 

 to the Dakotas, south to Fla. and La. June. 



5. C. asperifdlia, Michx. Branches brownish ; the branchlets, etc., rough- 

 pubescent ; leaves oblong or ovate, on short petioles, pointed, rough with a harsh 

 pubescence above, and downy beneath ; calyx-teeth minute ; fruit white. (C. 

 Drummondii, Mey.) Dry or sandy soil, N. shore of L. Erie to Minn, and the 

 Gulf. May, June. A rather tall shrub. 



* * Pubescence closely appressed, straight and silky, or none. 



6. C. Stolonifera, Michx. (RED-OSIER DOGWOOD.) Branches, espe- 

 cially the osier-like shoots of the season, bright red-purple, smooth ; leaves ovate, 

 rounded at base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a minute close pubescence 



