CORKAGES. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.) 215 



on both sides, whitish underneath ; cymes small and flat, rather few-flowered, 

 smooth ; fruit white or lead-color. Wet places ; common, especially north- 

 ward. Multiplies freely by prostrate or subterranean suckers, and forms broad 

 clumps, 3-6 high. June. 



7. C. Stricta, Lam. (STIFF CORNEL.) A shrub 8-15 high ; branches 

 brownish or reddish, smooth; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, 

 acutish at base, glabrous, of nearly the same hue both sides ; cymes loose, flattish ; 

 anthers and fruit pale blue. Swamps, Va. to Ga. and Fla. April, May. 



8. C. paniculata, L'Her. (PANICLED CORNEL.) Shrub 4-8 high, 

 ,much branched; branches gray, smooth; leaves ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, 

 acute at base, whitish beneath but not downy; cymes convex, loose, often pani- 

 cled; fruit white, depressed-globose. Thickets and river-banks. June. 



9. C. alternif61ia, L. f. Shrub or tree 8-25 high; branches greenish 

 streaked with white, the alternate leaves clustered at the ends, ovate or oval, long- 

 pointed, acute at base, whitish and minutely pubescent beneath ; cymes very 

 broad and open ; fruit deep blue on reddish stalks. Hillsides in copses, N. 

 Brunswick to Minn., south to Ga. and Ala. May, June. 



2. N Y S S A, L. TUPELO. PEPPERIDGE. SOUR-GUM TREE. 



Flowers dioeciously polygamous, clustered or rarely solitary at the summit 

 of axillary peduncles. Stam. Fl. numerous in a simple or compound dense 

 cluster of fascicles. Calyx small, 5-parted. Petals as in fertile flower or none. 

 Stamens 5-12, oftener 10, inserted on the outside of a convex disk; filaments 

 slender ; anthers short. No pistil. Pist. Fl. solitary, or 2 - 8, sessile in a bracted 

 cluster, much larger than the staminate flowers. Calyx with a very short re- 

 pand-truncate or minutely 5-toothed limb. Petals very small and fleshy, decidu- 

 ous, or often wanting. Stamens 5-10, with perfect or imperfect anthers. Style 

 elongated, revolute, stigmatic down one side. Ovary 1 -celled. Drupe ovoid 

 or oblong, with a bony and grooved or striate 1 -celled and 1 -seeded stone. 

 Trees with entire or sometimes angulate-toothed leaves, which are alternate, 

 but mostly crowded at the ends of the branchlets, and greenish flowers appear- 

 ing with the leaves. (The name of a Nymph : " so called because it [the 

 original species] grows in the water.") 



1. N. sylvatica, Marsh. (TUPELO. PEPPERIDGE. BLACK or SOUR 

 GUM.) Middle-sized tree, with horizontal branches ; leaves oval or obovate, 

 commonly acuminate, glabrous or villous-pubescent when young, at least on 

 the margins and midrib, shining above when old (2 - 5' long) ; fertile flowers 

 3-8, at the summit of a slender peduncle ; fruit ovoid, acid, bluish-black (about 

 y long). (N. multiflora, Wang.) Rich soil, either moist or nearly dry, 

 S. Maine and N. Vt. to Mich., south to Fla. and Tex. April, May. Leaves 

 turning bright crimson in autumn. Wood firm, close-grained and very un- 

 wedgeable, on account of the oblique direction and crossing of its fibres. 



2. N. uniflbra, Wang. (LARGE TUPELO.) A large tree; leaves ob- 

 long or ovate, sometimes slightly cordate at base, long-petioled, entire or an- 

 gulate-toothed, pale and downy-pubescent beneath, at least when young (4-12' 

 long) ; fertile flower solitary on a slender peduncle ; fruit oblong, blue (1" or 

 more in length). Deep swamps, S. Va. to S. 111. and Mo., south to Fla. and 

 Tex. April. Wood soft ; that of the roots very light and spongy. 



