224 RUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



less rosulate, not ciliate. Rocky or gravelly ground, Maine to Minn., south 

 to Ga. and Mo. ; also northward. 



Var. tenuifdlia, Gray. Slender, lax, diffuse, 6-12' high, with loose in- 

 florescence, and almost filiform branches and peduncles; cauline leaves all 

 linear, hardly over 1" wide. S. E. Ohio to Va., N. C., and Tenn. 



Var. calycdsa, Gray. Almost 1 high; leaves broadly lanceolate, thick- 

 ish; calyx-lobes elongated (2-4" long), much surpassing the pod. From 

 111. (Hall) to Ark. and N. Ala. 



6. H. angUStifdlia, Michx. Stems tufted from a hard or woody root , 

 leaves narrowly linear, acute, 1 -ribbed, many of them fascicled ; flowers crowded, 

 short-pedicelled ; lobes of the corolla densely bearded inside ; pod obovoid, acute 

 at base, only its summit free, opening first across the top, at length through the 

 partition. Barrens, 111. to Kan., south to Tex., Tenn., and Fla. 



2. OLDENLANDIA, Plumier. 



Calyx 4-lobed, persistent. Corolla short, in our species wheel-shaped ; the 

 limb 4-parted, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4 ; anthers short. Style 1 or none ; 

 stigmas 2. Pod thin, 2-celled, many-seeded, opening loculicidally across the 

 summit. Seeds very numerous, minute and angular. Low herbs, with small 

 stipules united to the petioles. (Dedicated to the memory of Oldenland, a 

 German physician and botanist, who died early at the Cape of Good Hope.) 



1. O. glomerata, Michx. An inconspicuous, pubescent or smoothish, 

 branched and spreading annual (2-12' high) ; leaves ovate to oblong; flowers 

 in sessile axillary clusters; corolla nearly wheel-shaped (white), much shorter 

 than the calyx. Wet places, near the coast, N. Y. to Fla. and Tex. 



3. CEPHALANTHUS, L. BUTTON-BUSH. 



Calyx-tube inversely pyramidal, the limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4- 

 toothed ; the teeth imbricated in the bud. Style thread-form, much protruded. 

 Stigma capitate. Fruit dry and hard, small, inversely pyramidal, 2-4-celled, 

 at length splitting from the base upward into 2-4 closed 1-seeded portions. 

 Shrubs, with the white flowers densely aggregated in spherical peduncled heads. 

 (Name composed of Ke<aA^, a head, and &v6os, a flower.) 



1. C. OCCidentaliS, L. Smooth or pubescent ; leaves petioled, ovate or 

 lanceolate-oblong, pointed, opposite or whorled in threes, with short intervening 

 stipules. Swamps and along streams, throughout the continent. July, Ang 



4. MITCHELL A, L. PARTRIDGE-BERRY. 

 Flowers in pairs, with their ovaries united. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla fun 

 nel-form, 4-lobed; the lobes spreading, densely bearded inside, valvate in the 

 bud. Stamens 4. Style 1 ; stigmas 4, linear. Fruit a berry-like double drupe, 

 crowned with the calyx-teeth of the two flowers, with 4 small seed-like bony 

 nutlets to each flower. A smooth and trailing small evergreen herb, with 

 round-ovate and shining petioled leaves, minute stipules, white fragrant flow 

 ers often tinged with purple, and scarlet edible (but nearly tasteless) ber 

 ries, which remain over winter. Flowers occasionally 3-6-merous, always 

 dimorphous; all those of some individuals having exserted stamens and in 

 eluded stigmas; of others, included stamens and exserted style. (This very 



