COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 23? 



* 3. Pappus a circle of chaffy scales, dissected into bristles . . 65 

 * 4. Pappus a circle of thin chaffy scales or short chaffy bristles. 



Heads several-flowered. Receptacle chaffy 60 



Heads 8 - 10-flowered. Receptacle naked 18 



Heads many-flowered. Receptacle deeply honeycombed 58 



Heads many-flowered. Receptacle naked 62, 63 



Heads many-flowered. Receptacle chaffy 64 



* 5. Pappus none, or a cup or crown, or of 2 or 3 awns, teeth, or chaffy scales corresponding 

 with the edges or angles of the achene, often with intervening minute bristles or scales. 



*- Receptacle naked. 

 Achene flat, wing-margined. Pappus of separate little bristles and usually 2-4 awns . 22 



Achene flat, marginless. Pappus none. Receptacle conical 19 



Achene terete or angled. Pappus none. Receptacle flattish 69 



Achene angled. Pappus a little cup or crown (or none). Receptacle conical . . 20, 68 

 Achene fusiform. Pappus of few scales, usually with alternating awns .... 21 



*- - Receptacle ohaffy. 



Rays neutral (rarely pistillate but sterile); the disk-flowers perfect and fertile. 

 Receptacle mostly elevated (varying from convex to columnar), and 

 Chaffy only at the summit ; the chaff deciduous. Pappus none .... 66 

 Chaffy throughout. Achene flattened laterally if at all ... 48, 49, 50, 52 ,54 

 Receptacle flat or flattish. Achene flattened parallel with the scales or chaff . 55, 56 



Receptacle flat. Achene terete, 2-awned 57 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. 



Achene much flattened laterally, 1- 2-awned 53 



Achene flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none .... 67 

 Achene 3- 4-angular, terete or laterally flattish, awnless. 



Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected 66 



Receptacle conical. Leaves opposite, simple. 



Achene obovoid. Involucre a leafy cup 45 



Achene 4-angular. Involucre of separate scales 47 



Receptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple 46, 51 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers staminate and sterile (pistil imperfect). 



Receptacle chaffy 86-41 



1. ELEPH^NTOPUS, L. ELEPHANT'S-FOOT. 



Heads discoid, 2 - 5-flowered, several together clustered into a compound 

 pedunculate head ; flowers perfect. Involucre narrow, flattened, of 8 oblong 

 dry scales. Achenes 10-ribbed; pappus of stout bristles, chaffy-dilated at the 

 base. Perennials, with alternate leaves and purplish flowers. (Name com- 

 posed of 6\0as, elephant, and irovs,foot.) 



* Stem leafy ; upper leaves very like the basal. 



1. E. Carolini&nus, Willd. Somewhat hairy, corymbose, leafy ; leave* 

 ovate-oblong, thin. Dry soil, Penn. to 111. and Kan., and southward. 



# * Stem scape-like, with a few bract-like leaves or naked. 



2. E. tomentbsus, L. Somewhat hairy; basal leaves obovate to nar- 

 rowly spatulate, silky and prominently veined beneath ; heads large ; pappus- 

 scales attenuate. Va., Ky., and southward. 



3. E. nud&tus, Gray. Strigose-puberulent ; basal leaves thin, green, 

 spatulate-obovate or oblanceolate, not prominently veined beneath; heads 

 smaller ; pappus scales broadly deltoid. Del. and southward. 



