244 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



scales, more or less dilated and united at base. A diffusely much-branched 

 annual, with heads solitary on the branchlets ; otherwise as Gutierrezia. (From 

 afj.(f)i, around, and &xvpov, chaff'.) 



1. A. dracunculoides, Nutt. Rather low, slender; leaves narrowly 

 linear, the upper filiform ; disk-flowers 10-20, their pappus of 5-8 bristle-like 

 chaff united at base and slightly dilated upward. Plains, Kan. and southward. 



12. GRINDELIA, Willd. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate (or rayless) ; ray pistillate. Scales of the 

 hemispherical involucre imbricated in several series, with slender more or less 

 spreading green tips. Achenes short and thick, compressed or turgid, trun- 

 cate, glabrous; pappus of 2-8 caducous awns. Coarse perennial or biennial 

 herbs, often resinous-viscid, ours glabrous and leafy with sessile or clasping 

 alternate and spinulose-serrate or laciniate rigid leaves, and large heads ter- 

 minating leafy branches. Disk and ray yellow. (Prof. Grindel, a Russian 

 botanist.) 



1 . G. squarrbsa, Dunal. Leaves spatulate- to linear-oblong ; involucre 

 squarrose ; achenes not toothed; pappus-awns 2 or 3. Prairies, Minn, 

 southward and westward ; Evanston, 111. Var. NtiDA, Gray. Rays wanting. 

 About St. Louis and westward. 



2. G. lanceolata, Nutt. Leaves lanceolate or linear ; involucral scales 

 erect or the lower tips spreading ; achenes with 1 or 2 short teeth at the sum- 

 mit ; awns 2. Prairies, eastern Kan. to Ark., and southward. 



13. HETEROTHECA, Cass. 



Characters as in Chrysopsis, but the achenes of the ray thickish or trian- 

 gular, without pappus or obscurely crowned, and those of the disk compressed, 

 with a double pappus, the inne'r of numerous long bristles, the outer of many 

 short and stout bristles. (From eVepos, different, and d^W* case, alluding to 

 the unlike achenes.) 



1. H. Lamarckii, Cass. Annual or biennial, 1-3 high, bearing numer- 

 ous small heads ; leaves oval or oblong, the lower with petioles auricled at 

 base, the upper mostly subcordate-clasping. S. E. Kan., and southward. 



14. CHRYSOPSIS, Nutt. GOLDEN ASTER. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays numerous, pistillate. Involucral 

 scales linear, imbricated, without herbaceous tips. Receptacle flat. Achenes 

 obovate or linear-oblong, flattened, hairy ; pappus in all the flowers double, the 

 outer of very short and somewhat chaffy bristles, the inner of long capillary 

 bristles. Chiefly perennial, low herbs, woolly or hairy, with rather large often 

 corymbose heads terminating the branches. Disk and ray-flowers yellow. 

 (Name composed of xpwos, gold, and fyis, aspect, from the golden blossoms.) 

 # Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear ; achenes linear. 



1. C. graminifblia, Nutt. Silvery-silky, with long close-pressed hairs ; 

 stem slender, often with runners from the base, naked above, bearing few 

 heads ; leaves lanceolate or linear, elongated, grass-like, nerved, shining, entire. 

 Dry sandy soil, Del. to Va., and southward. July - Oct. 



