COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 247 



rate and tapering to the base ; heads few, in a wand-like raceme or panicle, on 

 slender bracted pedicels; rays about 1 0, elongated ; scales of the pubescent in- 

 volucre lanceolate or linear-awl-shaped, the outer loose and spreading, more or 

 less foliaceous. S. W. 111. to Kan. and southward. The name is misleading, 

 as the leaves are hardly petioled. 



* * Involucral scales without green tips and wholly appressed. 

 *- Heads small (3" long), clustered along the stem in the axils of the feather- 

 veined leaves, or the upper forming a thyrse. 

 ** Achenes pubescent. 



3. S. csesia, L. Smooth; stem terete, mostly glaucous, at length much 

 branched and diffuse ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, serrate, pointed, 

 sessile ; heads in very short clusters, or somewhat racemose-panicled on the 

 branches. Rich woodlands, common ; west to S. E. Minn., 111., and Ky. 



4. S. latifdlia, L. Smooth or nearly so ; stem angled, zigzag, simple or 

 paniculate-branched (1-3 high); leaves broadly ovate or oval, very strongly 

 and sharply serrate, conspicuously pointed at both ends (thin, 3 - 6 X long) ; heads 

 in very short axillary clusters, or the clusters somewhat prolonged at the end 

 of the branches ; rays 3-4. Moist shaded banks ; common northward, and 

 south along the mountains. 



5. S. Curtisii, Torr. & Gray. Smooth or nearly so ; stem angled, usually 

 branched ; leaves oblong to long-lanceolate with narrowed entire base, serrate 

 above with subulate teeth ; heads in small, loose clusters ; rays 4-7. Open 

 woods at low elevations in the mountains of Va. and southward. 



w- -M. Achenes glabrous ; inflorescence more thyrsoid. 



6. S. bicolor, L. Hoary or grayish with soft hairs ; stem mostly simple ; 

 leaves oblong or elliptical-lanceolate, acute at both ends, or the lower oval and 

 tapering into a petiole, slightly serrate ; clusters or short racemes from the axils 

 of the upper leaves, forming an interrupted spike or crowded panicle; scales 

 very obtuse ; rays (5 - 14) small, cream-color or nearly white. Var. COXCOLOR, 

 Torr. & Gray, has the rays yellow. Dry copses, west to Minn, and Mo. 



7. S. monticola, Torr. & Gray. Nearly glabrous; stem slender, 1-2 

 high ; leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate, acute or tapering at both ends, the 

 lower sparingly serrate ; heads small, the scales acutish ; rays 5-6. Alle- 

 ghany Mts., from Md. southward. 



H- H- Heads mostly large (smaller in n. 12), many-flowered, forming an erect ter- 

 minal thyrse; leaves feather-veined. 

 ** Leaves numerous, short, sessile, entire, uniform in size and shape ; western. 



8. S. Bigel6vii, Gray. Cinereous-puberulent, 2 high ; leaves oval and 

 oblong, mostly obtuse at both ends ; thyrse rather loose ; involucre broad. 

 S. Kan. and southward. Probably running into the next. 



9. S. Lindheimeriana, Scheele. Less puberulent; leaves lanceolate 

 or oblong, more acute ; heads narrower and more densely clustered ; acheues 

 glabrous. S. Kan. and southward. 



-w- -M. Northern or mountain species, bright green. 



10. S. macr Ophelia, Pursh. Stem stout (1- 4 high), wand-like, pubes- 

 cent near the summit, simple ; leaves thin, ovate, irregularly and coarsely serratt 



