280 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



base, serrulate ; scales loose, attenuate, mostly 6 - 8" long, hairy. (H. cinereus, 

 var. Sullivantii, Torr. $ Gray.) Dry ground, Ohio to Mo. 



17. H. divaricktus, L. Stem simple or forked and corymbed at the top 

 (1 -4 high), smooth below ; leaves all opposite and divaricate, ovate-lanceolate, 

 3-nerved from the rounded or truncate sessile base, tapering gradually to a sharp 

 point (3-6' long), serrate, thickish, rough both sides; scales narrowly lanceo- 

 late, attenuate, ciliate, equalling the disk ; rays 8-12. Thickets and barrens ; 

 common. Disk 6" wide; rays T long. 



18. H. hirstltUS, Raf. Stem simple or forked above, stout (1-4 high), 

 bristly-hairy; leaves all shortly petioled, ovate-lanceolate, gradually pointed, 

 slightly serrate, rounded or obtuse at the base, very rough above, usually rough- 

 hairy beneath ; scales ovate-lanceolate, pointed, equalling the disk ; rays about 

 12. Dry plains, Ohio to Wise., and southward. 



19. H. Strumdsus, L. Stem (3-6 high) very smooth below, often 

 glaucous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering gradually to a point, or the lower 

 ovate and acute, abruptly contracted into short margined petioles, rough 

 above, whitish and naked or minutely downy underneath ; scales broadly lan- 

 ceolate with spreading tips, ciliate, equalling the disk; rays 9-15. Var. 

 M6LLis, Torr. & Gray, has the leaves downy underneath, often subcordate, 

 the scales looser and more attenuate. Kiver-banks and low copses ; common, 

 especially westward. 



20. H. tracheliif61ius, Willd. Like the last; leaves thinner and 

 nearly equally green both sides, more sharply serrate, all distinctly petioled ; 

 scales all loose and spreading, exceeding the disk, often much elongated. 

 Copses, Penn. and Ohio to Minn., and southward. 



= = Leaves longer-petiolate, thinnish or soft, coarsely serrate, commonly broad ; 

 scales loose, hirsute-ciliate. 



21. H. decapetalus, L. Stem branching (2-5 high), smooth below; 

 leaves smooth or roughish, ovate, pointed, abruptly contracted into margined 

 petioles ; scales lanceolate-linear, elongated, loosely spreading, sometimes foli- 

 aceous, the outer longer than the disk ; rays about 10. Copses and low banks 

 of streams ; N. Eng. to Minn, and southward, common. 



22. H. tuberdsus, L. (JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE.) Pubescent or hir~ 

 sute, 5-10 high; leaves ovate or subcordate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 scabrous above, minutely pubescent or cinereous beneath ; scales lanceolate, 

 attenuate, little exceeding the disk; rays 12-20. (H. doronicoides, former 

 ed.) N. Y. to Minn., and southward; often cultivated. Var. SUBCANES 

 CENS, Gray ; usually dwarf, the lower side of the leaves whitish with soft fine 

 pubescence. Minn, to Mo. 



53. VERBESINA, L. CROWNBEARD. 



Heads several - many-flowered ; the rays pistillate, or sometimes neutral and 

 sterile, few, or sometimes none. Involucral scales imbricated in 2 or more 

 rows. Receptacle rather convex (conical in n. 3) ; the chaff concave. Acheues 

 flat (compressed laterally), winged or wingless, 2-awned. Mostly perennial 

 herbs; the toothed leaves decurrent on the stem. Flowers mostly yellow. 

 (" Name metamorphosed from Verbena.") 



