282 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



1. Style-tips truncate or nearly so ; outer involucre small and short ; rays rose- 

 color or yellow with brown base ; pappus an obscure border or none. 



1. C. rbsea, Nutt. Perennial; stem branching, leafy, smooth (6-20' 

 high) ; leaves linear, entire ; heads small, somewhat corymbed, on short pe- 

 duncles ; rays rose-color, 3-toothed ; achenes oblong, wingless. Sandy grassy 

 swamps, Plymouth, Mass., to N. J., and southward ; rare. Aug. 



2. C. cardaminefblia, Torr. & Gray. Annual, 6' -2 high; leaves 

 1 - 2-pinnately divided, the lobes oval to lanceolate or above linear ; rays yel- 

 low with brown-purple base ; achenes short, smooth or papillose, winged. 

 Kan. to La. and Tex. 



3. C. tinctdria, Nutt. Annual, glabrous, 2-3 high; leaves 1- 2-pin- 

 nately divided,* the lobes lanceolate to linear; achenes oblong, wingless; rays 

 yellow with more or less of crimson-brown. Minn, to Tex., etc. ; common 

 in cultivation. 



2. Style-tips abruptly cuspidate, hispid ; involucres nearly equal; achenes 

 roundish, winged, incurved, often papillose and with a callus inside at base 

 and apex ; pappus 2 small teeth or none ; ray mostly yellow and palmately 

 lobed ; perennials, with long-pedunculate heads; lower leaves petiolate. 



4. C. lanceolata, L. Smooth or hairy (1-2 high), tufted, branched 

 only at the base ; leaves all entire (the lower rarely with a pair of small lat- 

 eral lobes), lanceolate, the lowest oblanceolate or spatulate ; outer scales ovate- 

 lanceolate. Rich or damp soil, Mich, and 111. to Va., and southward. July. 

 Also cultivated in gardens. Heads showy; rays 1' long. Var. ANGUSTI- 

 F6LIA, Torr. & Gray, is a low form with crowded narrow leaves and elongated 

 peduncles. Var. viLL,6sA, Michx., is hirsute below, the leaves rather broad. 



5. C. grandifl6ra, Nutt. Mostly glabrous ; lower leaves lanceolate and 

 spatulate, entire, the upper 3 - ^-parted with lanceolate to linear and sometimes 

 2-3-parted lobes ; heads as in the last or larger. S. Mo. to Tex. and Ga. 



6. C. pub6scens, Ell. More leafy, 1-4 high, pubescent or nearly 

 glabrous ; leaves thickish, oblong or the lower oval-obovate and the upper 

 oblong-lanceolate, entire or with 2-4 small lateral lobes; heads usually 

 smaller. Va. to S. 111., Mo., and southward. 



7. C. auriculata, Linn. Pubescent or glabrous; stems 1-4 high, 

 branching, sometimes with runners ; leaves mostly petioled, the upper oblong 

 or oval-lanceolate, entire ; the lower oval or roundish, some of them variously 

 3-5-lobed or divided; outer scales oblong-linear or lanceolate ; achenes nar- 

 rowly winged and strongly involute. Rich woods and banks, Va. to 111., and 

 southward. June - Sept. 



3. Style-tips cuspidate ; achenes oblong, nearly straight, without callus, the 



wing narrow or none ; rays yellow, mostly entire or slightly toothed. 



# Outer scales narrow, about the length of the inner, all more or less united at 



base ; rays mostly entire^ acute ; pappus 2-toothed or none ; leaves opposite, 



sessile, mostly 3-divided, appearing as ifwhorled; perennial, 1-3 high. 



H- Leaves 3-cleft, but not to the base. 



8. C. palmata, Nutt. Nearly smooth, simple ; leaves broadly wedge- 

 haped, rigid ; the lobes broadly linear, entire, or the middle one 3-lobed. 

 Prairies, Mich, to Minn., and southwest ward. July. 



