288 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



64. GAILLARDIA, Foug. 



Heads many-flowered ; rays 3-cleft or -toothed, neutral or sometimes fertile, 

 or none. Involucral scales in 2 - 3 rows, the outer larger, loose and f oliaceous. 

 Receptacle convex to globose, beset with bristle-like or subulate or short and 

 soft chaff. Achenes top-shaped, 5-costate, villous ; pappus of 5-10 long thin 

 scales, awn-tipped by the excurrent nerve. Erect herbs with alternate leaves 

 and large showy heads of yellow or purplish fragrant flowers on terminal or 

 scapiform peduncles. (Named after Gaillard de Merentonneau.) 



1 . G. simplex, Scheele. Annual ; leaves all radical, usually spatulate, 

 pinnatifid to entire ; head globose on a naked scape, usually rayless. S. Kan. 

 to Tex. 



2. G. lanceolata, Michx. Annual, leafy-stemmed, branched, 1 - 2 high, 

 finely pubescent ; leaves oblanceolate to linear, mostly entire ; rays rather few 

 or none ; chaff very short or obsolete. S. Kan. to Tex. and Fla. 



3. G. aristata, Pursh. Perennial, hirsute, often 2 high ; leaves lanceo- 

 late to oblanceolate, broad or narrow, entire to coarsely pinnatifid; rays usually 

 numerous and long; chaff bristly or subulate. N. Dak., west and south ward. 



65. D Y S 6 D I A, Cav. FETID MARIGOLD. 



Heads many-flowered, usually radiate ; rays pistillate. Involucre of one row 

 of scales united into a firm cup, at the base some loose bractlets. Receptacle 

 flat, not chaffy, but beset with short chaffy bristles. Achenes slender, 4-angled ; 

 pappus a row of chaffy scales dissected into numerous rough bristles. Herbs, 

 mostly annuals or biennials, dotted with large pellucid glands, which give a 

 strong odor (as in Tagetes, the FRENCH MARIGOLD of the gardens, which 

 belongs to the same group) ; heads terminating the branches ; flowers yellow. 

 (Name 8u<ro>5/a, an ill smell, which the plants exemplify.) 



1. D. chrysanthemoid.es, Lag. Nearly smooth, diffusely branched (6 - 

 18' high) ; leaves opposite, piunately parted, the narrow lobes bristly-toothed 

 or cut; rays few, scarcely exceeding the involucre. Roadsides, and banks of 

 rivers, Minn, to 111., Tenn.. and southwest ward. Aug. - Oct. 



66. A NT HE MIS, L. CHAMOMILE. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; rays pistillate or (in n. 1) neutral. Involucre 

 hemispherical, of many small imbricated dry and scarious scales shorter than 

 the disk. Receptacle conical, with slender chaff at least near the summit. 

 Achenes terete or ribbed, glabrous, truncate ; pappus none or a minute crown. 



Branching strongrscented herbs, with finely pinnately dissected leaves and 

 solitary terminal heads ; rays white; disk yellow. ('Aveefils, the ancient Greek 

 name of the Chamomile.) 



A. C6xuLA, DC. (MAY-WEED.) Annual, acrid; rays mostly neutral; 

 receptacle without chaff near the margin ; pappus none ; leaves finely 3-pin- 

 nately dissected. (Maruta Cotula, DC.) Common by roadsides. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 



A. ARVENSIS, L. (CORN CHAMOMILE.) Pubescent annual or biennial, 

 resembling May-weed, but not ill-scented ; leaves less finely 1 - 2-pinnately 

 parted ; chaff of the receptacle lanceolate, pointed ; pappus a minute border 



Waste places ; rare. (Adv. from Eu.) 



A. NOBILIS, L. (GARDEN CHAMOMILE.) More downy and perennial, 

 pleasantly strong-scented; sterile shoots depressed or creeping; leaves very 



