292 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



lary. A low perennial, with horizontal creeping rootstocks, sending up simple 

 scaly scapes in early spring, bearing a single head, and producing rounded- 

 heart-shaped angled or toothed leaves later in the season, woolly when young. 

 Flowers yellow. (Name from tussis, a cough, for which the plant is a reputed 

 remedy.) 



T. FARFARA, L. Wet places, and along brooks, N. Eng., N. Y., and Penn. ; 

 thoroughly wild. (Nat. from Eu.) 



73. PET A SITES, Tourn. SWEET COLTSFOOT. 

 Heads many-flowered, somewhat dioecious ; in the substerile plant with a 

 single row of ligulate pistillate ray-flowers, and many tubular sterile ones in 

 the disk ; in the fertile plant wholly or chiefly of pistillate flowers, tubular or 

 distinctly ligulate. Otherwise as Tussilago. Perennial woolly herbs, with 

 the leaves all from the rootstock, white-woolly beneath, the scape with sheath- 

 ing scaly bracts, bearing heads of purplish or whitish fragrant flowers, in a 

 corymb. (The Greek name for the coltsfoot, from ire'rao-os, a broad-brimmed 

 hat, on account of its large leaves.) 



* Pistillate flowers ligulate ; flowers whitish. 



1. P. palmata, Gray. Leaves rounded, somewhat kidney-form, palmately 

 and deeply 5 - 7-lobed, the lobes toothed and cut. (Nardosmia palmata, Hook.) 

 Swamps, Maine and Mass, to Mich., Minn., and northwestward; rare. 

 April, May. Full-grown leaves 6-10' broad. 



2. P. sagittata, Gray. Leaves deltoid-oblong to reniform-hastate, acute 

 or obtuse, repand-dentate. N. Minn, and westward. 



* # Ligules none ; flowers purplish. 



P. vuLGARis, Desf . Rootstock very stout : leaves round-cordate, angulate- 

 dentate and denticulate. About Philadelphia. (Nat. from Eu.) 



74. ARNICA, L. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate; rays pistillate. Scales of the bell-shaped 

 involucre lanceolate, equal, somewhat in 2 rows. Receptacle flat, fimbrillate. 

 Achenes slender or spindle-shaped ; pappus a single row of rather rigid and 

 strongly roughened-denticulate bristles. Perennial herbs, chiefly of moun- 

 tains and cold northern regions, with simple stems, bearing single or corymbed 

 large heads and opposite leaves. Flowers yellow. (Name thought to be a 

 corruption. of Ptarmica.) 



1. A. Chamiss6nis, Less. Soft-hairy; stem leafy (1-2 high), bearing 

 1 to 5 heads ; leaves thin, veiny, smoothish when old, toothed ; the upper ovate- 

 lanceolate, closely sessile, the lower narrower, tapering to a margined petiole ; 

 scales pointed ; pappus almost plumose. (A. mollis, Hook.) N. Maine, moun- 

 tains of N. H. and northern N. Y., shores of L. Superior, and westward. July. 



2. A. nudicatllis, Nutt. Hairy and rather glandular (1-3 high); 

 leaves thickish, 3 - 5-nerved, ovate or oblong, all sessile, mostly entire and near 

 the root, the cauline small and only one or two pairs ; heads several, corymbed. 

 showy. Damp pine barrens, S. Penn. and southward. April, May. 



75. SENECIO, Tourn. GROUNDSEL. 



Heads many-flowered ; rays pistillate, or none ; involucre cylindrical to bell- 

 shaped, simple or with a few bractlets at the base, the scales erect-connivent. 



