SCROPHULARIACE^E. (FIGWORT FAMILY.) 391 



oblong ; those of the stem incised ; the floral 3 - 5-cleft, bright scarlet toward 

 the summit (rarely yellow) ; calyx about the length of the pale yellow corolla, 

 equally cleft both sides, the lobes quadrate-oblong, entire or retuse. Low sandy 

 ground, Maine to Minn., south to N. J., Tenn., and Tex. 



2. C. pallida, Kunth, var. septentrionalis, Gray. Perennial, smooth 

 or sparingly hairy, at the summit woolly ; leaves mainly entire, the lower linear, 

 upper broader ; the floral oblong or obovate, greenish-white, varying to yel- 

 lowish, purple, or red ; calyx equally cleft, the lobes oblong or lanceolate, 2-cleft; 

 corolla - V long, the galea decidedly shorter than the tube, not over 2 or 3 

 times as long as the lip. Alpine summits of N. Eng., N. shore of L. Supe- 

 rior, west and northward. 



3. C. sessilifl6ra, Pursh. Perennial, 6 - 8' high, very leafy, cinereous- 

 pubescent; leaves mostly 3 -5-cleft, with narrow diverging sometimes cleft 

 lobes; -the floral similar or broader, not at all colored; calyx deeper cleft in 

 front, the narrow lobes deeply 2-cleft ; corolla 2' long, the short galea but twice 

 as long as the slender-lobed lip. Prairies, Wise, and 111. to N. Dak. and Tex. 



21. ORTHOCARPUS, Nutt 



Corolla with the upper lip (galea) little longer and usually much narrower 

 than the inflated 1-3-saccate lower one. Otherwise nearly as Castilleia. 

 (Name from 6pQ6s, upright, and Kapir6s, fruit.) 



1. O. luteus, Nutt. Annual, pubescent and hirsute, sometimes viscid, 

 erect, lhigh; leaves linear to lanceolate, occasionally 3-cleft ; spike dense; 

 bracts broader, mostly 3-cleft, about equalling the flowers, not colored ; co- 

 rolla golden-yellow, not 6" long, 2-3 times as long as the calyx. Plains, 

 N. Minn, to Col., and westward. 



22. SCHWALBEA, Gronov. CHAFF-SEED. 



Calyx oblique, tubular, 1 - 1 2-ribbed, 5-toothed; the posterior tooth much 

 the smaller, the 2 anterior united higher than the others. Upper lip of the 

 corolla arched, oblong, entire ; the lower little shorter, erect, 2-plaited, with 3 

 very short and broad obtuse lobes. Stamens 4, included in the upper lip ; 

 anther-cells equal and parallel. Capsule ovate, many-seeded. Seeds linear, 

 with a loose chaff -like coat. A perennial minutely pubescent upright herb 

 (1-2 high), with leafy simple stems, terminated by a loose spike of rather 

 large dull purplish-yellow flowers ; leaves alternate, sessile, 3-uerved, entire, 

 ovate or oblong, the upper gradually reduced to narrow bracts; pedicels 

 /ery short, with 2 bractlets under the calyx. (Dedicated to C. G. Schwalbe, 

 an obscure German botanist.) 



1. S. Americana, L. Wet sandy soil, Mass, to La., near the coast. 

 May - July. 



23. EUPHRASIA, Tourn. EYEBRIGHT. 



Calyx tubular or bell-shaped, 4-cleft. Upper lip of the corolla erect, 

 scarcely arched, 2-lobed, and the sides folded back ; lower lip spreading, 

 3-cleft, the lobes obtuse or notched. Stamens 4, under the upper lip ; anther- 

 cells equal, pointed at the base. Capsule oblong, flattened. Seeds numer- 



