URTICACE.E. (NETTLE FAMILY.) 463 



(1-2^ long); calyx-lobes obovate; fruit downy on the face at least when 

 young. Va. to S. Ind., S. Mo., and southward. March. A small tree. 



2. PLANER A, Gmelin. PLANER-TREE. 



Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Calyx 4 - 5-cleft. Stamens 4 -5. Ovary 

 ovoid, 1 -celled, 1-ovuled, crowned with 2 spreading styles which are stigma- 

 tose down the inner side, in fruit becoming coriaceous and nut-like, not winged. 

 Albumen none; embryo straight. Trees with small leaves, like those of 

 Elms, the flowers appearing with them, in small axillary clusters. (Named 

 for J. J. Planer, a German botanist.) 



1. P. aquatica, Gmel. Nearly glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong, small, 

 fruit stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular rough projections. Wet 

 banks, N. C. to Ky., S. 111., and southward. April. A rather small tree. 



3. CELT IS, Tourn. NETTLE-TREE. HACKBERRY. 



Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Calyx 5 - 6-parted, persistent. Stamens 

 5-6. Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule ; stigmas 2, long and 

 pointed, recurved. Fruit a globular drupe. Embryo curved, nearly enclosing 

 a little gelatinous albumen ; cotyledons folded and crumpled. Leaves pointed, 

 petioled, inequilateral. Stipules caducous. Flowers greenish, axillary, the 

 fertile solitary or in pairs, peduncled, appearing with the leaves, the lower 

 usually staminate only, fascicled or racemose along the base of the branches 

 of the season. (A name of Pliny's for an African species of Lotus.) 



1. C. OCCidentalis, L. (SUGARBERRY. HACKBERRY.) Leaves reticu- 

 lated, ovate, cordate-ovate and ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, usually conspic- 

 uously and sharply so, more or less oblique at base, sharply serrate, sometimes 

 sparingly so or only toward the apex, scabrous but mostly glabrous above, 

 usually soft-pubescent beneath, at least when young ; fruit reddish or yellow- 

 ish, turning dark purple at maturity, its peduncle once or twice the length of 

 the petiole. Woods and river-banks, N. Eng. to Minn., and southward. 

 April, May. A small or sometimes large tree, with the aspect of an Elm, 

 bearing sweet and edible fruits as large as bird-cherries, at first obovate, ripe 

 in autumn ; the flesh thin. Very variable in the form, texture, etc., of the 

 leaves. Var. P^MILA, Gray. Low and straggling (4-10 high) ; leaves thin 

 when mature, and smooth, slightly acuminate. River-banks, on rocks, from 

 Maryland southward. 



2. C. Mississippi&isis, Bosc. Leaves entire (rarely few-toothed), very 

 long taper-pointed, rounded at base, mostly oblique, thin, and smooth ; fruit 

 small. 111. to Tenn., and southward. A small tree with warty bark. 



4. CANNABIS, Touru. HEMP. 



Flowers dioecious ; the sterile in axillary compound racemes or panicles, with 

 5 sepals and 5 drooping stamens. Fertile flowers spiked-clustered, 1-bracted ; 

 the calyx of a single sepal enlarging at the base and folded round the ovary. 

 Achene crustaceous. Embryo simply curved. A tall roughish annual, with 

 digitate leaves of 5 - 7 linear-lanceolate coarsely toothed leaflets, the upper 

 alternate ; the inner bark of very tough fibres. (The ancient Greek name, of 

 obscure etymology.) 



C. SATtvA, L. (HEMP.) Stem 4-8 high; leaves 4-8 / broad; flowers 

 green. Waste and cultivated ground. (Adv. from Eu.) 



