JUGLANDACEJE. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 467 



thin albumen. Large trees, with the bark deciduous in broad thin brittle 

 plates; dilated base of the petiole enclosing the bud of the next season. (The 

 ancient name, from ir\arvs, broad.) 



1. P. OCCidentalis, L. Leaves mostly truncate at base, angularly sin u- 

 ate-lobed or toothed, the short lobes sharp-pointed ; fertile heads solitary, 

 hanging on a long peduncle. Alluvial banks, S. Maine to N. Vt., Ont., S. E. 

 Minn., E. Kan., and southward. Our largest tree, often 90-130 high, with 

 a trunk 6-14 in diameter. 



ORDER 101. JUGLANDACEJE. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 



Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves, and no stipules ; flowers monoecious, 

 the sterile in catkins (aments) with an irregular calyx adnate to the bract ; 

 the fertile solitary or in a small cluster or spike, with a regular 3 - 5-lobed 

 calyx adherent to the incompletely 2--celled but only 1-ovuled ovary. 

 Fruit a kind of dry drupe, with a crustaceous or bony nut-shell, containing 

 a large Globed orthotropous seed. Albumen none. Cotyledons fleshy and 

 oily, sinuous or corrugated, 2-lobed ; radicle short, superior. Petals some- 

 times present in the fertile flowers. A small family of important trees, 

 consisting chiefly of the two following genera. 



1. JUGLANS, L. WALNUT. 



Sterile flowers in long and simple lateral catkins from the wood of the pre- 

 ceding year ; the calyx adherent to the entire bracts or scales, unequally 3-6- 

 cleft. Stamens 12-40; filaments free, very short. Fertile flowers solitary 

 or several together on a peduncle at the end of the branches, with a 4-toothed 

 calyx, bearing 4 small petals at the sinuses. Styles 2, very short ; stigmas 2, 

 somewhat club-shaped and fringed. Fruit with a fibrous-fleshy indehiscent 

 epicarp, and a mostly rough irregularly furrowed endocarp or nut-shell. 

 Trees, with strong-scented or resinous-aromatic bark, few-scaled or almost 

 naked buds (3 or 4 superposed, and the uppermost far above the axil), odd-pin- 

 nate leaves of many serrate leaflets, and the embryo sweet and edible. Pith 

 in plates. (Name contracted from Jovis glans, the nut of Jupiter.) 



1. J. Cin&rea, L. (BUTTERNUT. WHITE WALNUT.) Leaflets 5 - 8 pairs, 

 oblong-lanceolate, pointed, rounded at base, downy, especially beneath, the 

 petioles and branchlets downy with clammy hairs ; fruit oblong, clammy, pointed, 

 the nut deeply sculptured and rough with ragged ridges, 2-celled at the base. 

 Rio-h woods, N. Eng. to the mountains of Ga., west to Minn., E. Kan., and 

 Ark. Tree 50-75 high, with gray bark, widely spreading branches, and 

 lighter brown wood than in the next. 



2. J. nigra, L. (BLACK WALNUT.) Leaflets 7-11 pairs, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, taper-pointed, somewhat heart-shaped or unequal at base, smooth above, 

 the lower surface and the petioles minutely downy ; fruit spherical, roughly 

 dotted, the nut corrugated, 4-celled at top and bottom. Rich woods, W. Mass, 

 and Conn, to Fla., west to Minn., E. Neb., E. Kan., and southward. A large 

 and handsome tree (often 90-150 high), with rough brown bark, and valu- 

 able purplish-brown wood turning blackish with age. 



