468 JUGLANDACE.E. ( WALNUT FAMILY.) 



2. GARY A, Nutt. HICKORY. 



Sterile flowers in slender lateral and clustered catkins ; calyx naked, adhe- 

 rent to the bract, unequally 2-3-parted. Stamens 3-10; filaments short or 

 none, free. Fertile flowers 2 - 5 in a cluster or short spike, on a peduncle ter- 

 minating the shoot of the season ; calyx 4-toothed ; petals none. Stigmas 

 sessile, 2 or 4, large, papillose, persistent. Fruit with a 4-valved, firm and at 

 length dry exocarp (involucre), falling away from the smooth and crusta- 

 ceous or bony endocarp or nut-shell, which is incompletely 2-celled, and at 

 the base mostly 4-celled. Fine timber-trees, with hard and very tough wood, 

 and scaly buds, from which in spring are put forth usually both kinds of 

 flowers, the sterile below and the fertile above the leaves. Nuts ripen and 

 fall in October. (Kapva, an ancient name of the Walnut.) 



1. Sterile catkins fascicled (no common peduncle or sometimes, a very short one) 

 from separate lateral scaly buds near the summit of shoots of the preceding 

 year; bud-scales few ; fruit elongated-oblong; the thin-shelled nut 2-celled 

 below ; seed sweet ; leaflets short-stalked, numerous. 



1. C. Olivseformis, Nutt. (PECAN-NUT.) Minutely downy, becoming 

 nearly smooth ; leaflets 13-15, oblong-lanceolate, tapering gradually to a slen- 

 der point, falcate, serrate ; nut olive-shaped. River bottoms, S. Ind., S. 111., 

 and Iowa, to La. and Tex. A large tree (90-160 high), with delicious nuts. 



2. Sterile catkins in threes (rarely more) on a common peduncle from the axil 

 of the inner scales of the common bud, therefore at the base of the shoot of the 

 season, which, then bearing 3 or 4 leaves, is terminated by the fertile flowers ; 

 fruit globular or oval ; nut 4-celled at base ; leaflets sessile or nearly so. 



* Bud-scales numerous, about 10, successively enwrapping, the inner ones accres 

 cent, becoming thin and membranaceous and rather tardily deciduous ; husk 

 of the fruit splitting promptly into 4 mire or less thick and when dry hard 

 or woody valves ; seed sweet and delicious. (The hickory nuts of the market.) 



2. C. alba, Nutt. (SHELL-BARK or SHAG-BARK HICKORY.) Bark of 

 trunk shaggy, exfoliating in rough strips or plates ; inner bud-scales becoming 

 large and conspicuous, persistent till the flowers are fully developed ; leaflets 

 5-7, when young minutely downy beneath, finely serrate, the three upper 

 obovate-lanceolate, the lower pair much smaller and oblong-lanceolate, all taper- 

 pointed ; fruit globular or depressed ; nut white, flattish-globular, barely mu- 

 cronate, the shell thinnish. N. Eng. to N. shore of L. Erie and S. E. Minn., 

 south to Fla., E. Kan., and Tex. Large and handsome tree (70-90 high, or 

 more), of great economic value. The principal hickory-nut of the markets. 



3. C. sulcata, Nutt. (BiG SHELL-BARK. KING-NUT.) Bark, etc., as 

 in n. 1 ; leaflets 7-9, more downy beneath ; fruit oval or ovate, 4-ribbed above 

 the middle, the husk very thick; nut large (1J-2' long) and usually angular, 

 dull white or yellowish, thick-walled, usually strongly pointed at both ends. 

 Central N. Y. and Penn. to S. Ind., E. Kan., and Ind. Terr. Tree 70-90 

 high, or more, in rich soil of bottom lands. 



4. C. tomentdsa, Nutt. (MOCKER-NUT. WHITE-HEART HICKORY.) 

 Bark close, rough, but not shaggy and exfoliating on old trunks ; catkins, 

 shoots, and lower surface of the leaves tomentose when young, resinous-scented , 



