476 CUPULIFER^E. (OAK FAMILY.") 



or sessile ; cup round-ovate, thin, with rugged scales, almost covering the depressed- 

 globose acorn (8 - 10" long). River swamps, S. E. Mo. to S. Ind., Tenn., N. C., 

 and southward. A large tree, with flaky bark ; intermediate between n. 3 

 and n. 5. 



* * Leaves coarsely sinuate-toothed, but not lobed (except slightly in n. 5), whitish 

 and more or less downy beneath ; cup hoary, hemispherical or a little depressed, 

 about half as long as the oblong-ovoid edible acorn. CHESTNUT-OAKS. 



5. Q. bicolor, Willd. (SWAMP WHITE OAK.) Leaves obovate or 

 oblong-obovate, wedge-shaped at base, coarsely sinuate-crenate and often rather 

 pinnatifid than toothed, usually soft-downy and white-hoary beneath, the main 

 primary veins 6-8 pairs, lax and little prominent ; fruiting peduncle much 

 longer than the petiole ; upper scales of the cup awn-pointed, sometimes form- 

 ing a mossy-fringed margin; acorn scarcely 1' long. Borders of streams 

 and swamps, S. Maine to Ont., Minn., and E. Kan., and south in the moun- 

 tains to N. Ga. A large tree, with flaky bark. 



6. Q. Michatixii, Nutt. (BASKET-OAK. Cow-OAK.) Leaves (5-6' 

 long) oval or obovate, acute, obtuse or even cordate at base, regularly dentate 

 (commonly not deeply), rather rigid, usually very tomentose beneath; stamens 

 usually 10 ; fruit short-peduncled ; cup shallow, tuberculate with hard and 

 stout acute scales, without fringe ; acorn 1-J-' long. (Q. Prinus, var Mich- 

 auxii, Chapm.) Borders of streams and swamps, Del. to Fla., and in the 

 west from S. Ind. to Mo., and south to the Gulf. A large and valuable tree, 

 with gray flaky bark and large sweet edible acorns. Intermediate forms ap- 

 pear to connect with n. 5, of which Dr. Engelmann considered it a sub- 

 species. 



7. Q. Prinus, L. (CHESTNUT-OAK.) Leaves thick, varying, obovate or 

 oblong to lanceolate, sometimes acuminate, with an obtuse or acute base, undu- 

 lately crenate-toothed, pale and minutely downy beneath, the main primary ribs 

 10-16 pairs, straight, prominent beneath; fruiting peduncles shorter than the 

 petioles, often very short ; cup thick (6 - 12" wide), mostly tuberculate with hard 

 and stout scales ; acorn large (sometimes 1 - !' long). (Incl. var. monticola, 

 Michx.) Rocky banks and hillsides, E. Mass, to N. Y. and Ont., and south in 

 the mountains to N. Ala. A large tree, with thick and deeply furrowed bark f 

 rich in tannin. 



8. Q. Muhlenb6rgii, Engelm. (YELLOW OAK. CHESTNUT-OAK.) 

 Leaves (5-7' long) slender-petioled, often oblong or even lanceolate, usually 

 acute or pointed, mostly obtuse or roundish at base, almost equably and rather 

 sharply toothed ; cup subsessile, shallow, thin, of small appressed scales, 5 - 1" 

 broad; acorn globose or obovate, 7-9" long. (Q. Prinus, var. acuminata, 

 Michx.) Dry hillsides and rich bottoms, Mass, to Del., along the mountains 

 to N. Ala., west to Minn., E. Neb., and Tex. Leaves more like those of the 

 Chestnut than any other ; the primary veins very straight, impressed above, 

 prominent beneath. A tall tree, with thin flaky bark. 



9. Q. prinoides, Willd. Like the last, but of low stature (usually 2-4 

 high), with smaller more undulate leaves on shorter petioles (3 -6" long), and 

 deeper cups with more tumid scales. (Q. Prinus, var. humilis, Marsh.) Same 

 range as last. Apparently quite distinct at the east, where it is very low, but 

 running into Q. Muhleubergii at the far west. 



