CUPULIFER^E. (OAK FAMILY.) 479 



Tree 30-90 high. The specific name is in allusion to its early use for 

 shingles. 



19. Q. Phellos, L. (WILLOW-OAK.) Leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed 

 to both ends, soon glabrous, light green (3-4' long); cup saucer-shaped. 

 Bottom lands or rich sandy uplands, Staten Island to N. Fla., west to S. Ky., 

 Mo., and Tex. 



In addition to the above, the following hybrids have been recognized : 



Q. ALBA X MACROCARPA ; N. 111. (Bebb) ; central 111. (Hall). 



Q. ALBA X STELLATA ; N. 111. (Bebb) ; D. C. ( Vasey) ; S. C. (Mellichamp) 



Q. ALBA X PRINUS ; near Washington, D. C. ( Vasey.) 



Q. IMBRICARIA X NIGRA (Q. tridcntata, Engelmann) ; S. 111. (Engelmann). 



Q. IMBRICARIA X PALUSTRIS ; Mo. (Engelmann). 



Q. IMBRICARIA X COCCINEA (Q. Leana, Nutt.) ; Ohio to Mo., and near Wash- 

 ington, D. C. 



Q. PHELLOS X RUBRA (?) or COCCINEA (?) (Q. heterophylla, Michx.) ; Staten 

 Island and N. J. to Del. and N. C. (BARTRAM'S OAK.) 



Q. PHELLOS X NIGRA (Q. Rudkini, Britt.) ; N. J. (Rudkin). 



Q. ILICIFOLIA X COCCINEA (?) ; Uxbridge, Mass. (Eobbins.) 



7. CASTANEA, Tourn. CHESTNUT. 



Sterile flowers interruptedly clustered in long and naked cylindrical catkins ; 

 calyx mostly 6-parted ; stamens 8 - 20 ; filaments slender ; anthers 2-celled. 

 Fertile flowers few, usually 3 together in an ovoid scaly prickly involucre ; calyx 

 with a 6-lobed border crowning the 3-7-celled 6-14-ovuled ovary; abortive 

 stamens 5 - 12 ; styles linear, exserted, as many as the cells of the ovary ; stig- 

 mas small. Nuts coriaceous, ovoid, enclosed 2-3 together or solitary in the 

 hard and thick very prickly 4-valved involucre. Cotyledons very thick, some- 

 what plaited, cohering together, remaining underground in germination. 

 Leaves strongly straight-veined, undivided. Flowers appearing later than the 

 leaves, cream-color ; the catkins axillary near the end of the branches, wholly 

 sterile or the upper ones androgynous with the fertile flowers at the base. 

 (The classical name, from that of a town in Thessaly.) 



1. C. sativa, Mill., var. Americana. (CHESTNUT.) A large tree, 

 leaves oblong -lanceolate, pointed, serrate with coarse pointed teeth, acute at 

 base, when mature smooth and green both sides ; nuts 2 or 3 in each involucre, 

 therefore flattened on one or both sides, very sweet. (C. vesca, var., of the 

 Manual.) Rocky woods and hillsides, S. Maine to Del., along the mountains 

 to N. Ala., and west to S. Mich., S. Ind., and Tenn. 



2. C. pumila, Mill. (CHINQUAPIN.) A spreading shrub or small tree 

 leaves oblong, acute, serrate with pointed teeth, whitened -downy beneath ; invo- 

 lucres small, often spiked ; the ovoid pointed nut scarcely half as large as a 

 common chestnut, very sweet, solitary, not flattened. Rich hillsides and 

 borders of swamps, S. Perm, to Fla., west to S. Ind. and Tex. 



8. PAGUS, Tourn. BEECH. 



Sterile flowers in small heads on drooping peduncles, with deciduous scale- 

 like bracts ; calyx bell-shaped, 5 - 7-clef t ; stamens 8-16; filaments slender , 

 anthers 2-celled. Fertile flowers usually in pairs at the apex of a short pe- 

 duncle, invested by numerous awl-shaped bractlets, the inner coherent at base 



