CYFERACEuE. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 583 



H_ H_ Culm leafy, bearing several umbellate-clustered heads, involucrate. 



5. E. Virginicum, L. Culm rigid (2-4 high); leaves very narrowly 

 linear, elongated, flat ; spikelets nearly sessile, crowded in a dense cluster or 

 head ; wool rusty or copper-color, only thrice the length of the scale; stamen 1. 



Bogs and low meadows, Newf. to Fla., west to Minn, and Neb. July, Aug. 



Var. ALBUM, Gray, has the wool white. N. New York. 



6. E. polystchyon, L. Culm rigid (1-2 high), obscurely triangular ; 

 leaves linear, flat, or barely channelled below, triangular at the point; involucre 

 2-3-leaved ; spikelets several (4- 12), on smooth nodding peduncles, some of 

 them elongated in fruit ; achene obovate ; wool white, very straight (!' long or 

 more). Bogs, Newf. to Ga., Minn., and westward. June, July. (Eu.) Var. 

 LATIF6LIUM, Gray ; peduncles rough ; leaves sometimes broader and flatter. 



7. E. gracile, Koch. Culm slender (1-2 high), rather triangular; 

 leaves slender, channelled-triangular, rough on the angles ; involucre short and 

 scale-like, mostly \-leaved; peduncles rough or roughish-pubescent ; spikelets 

 3-7, small, when mature the copious white wool 6 - 9" long ; achene elliptical- 

 linear. Cold bogs, Newf. to N. J., west to Minn, and Mo. Scales in our plant 

 mostly light chestnut and about 3-nerved. June - Aug. (Eu.) 



10. F U I R E N A, Rottboell. UMBRELLA-GRASS. (PI. 2.) 



Spikelets many-flowered, terete, clustered or solitary, axillary and terminal. 

 Scales imbricated in many ranks, awned below the apex, all floriferous. Peri- 

 anth of 3 ovate or heart-shaped petaloid scales, mostly on claws, and usually 

 with as many alternating small bristles. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Achene 

 triangular, pointed with the persistent base of the style. Culms from a peren- 

 nial root, obtusely triangular. (Named for G. Fuiren, a Danish botanist.) 



i. F. squarrdsa, Michx., var. hispida, Chapm. (PI. 2, fig. 1-7.) 

 Stem (1-3 high) leafy ; leaves and sheaths usually densely hairy ; spikelets 

 ovoid-oblong (4-6" long), clustered in heads, bristly with the spreading awns 

 of the scales ; perianth-scales rhombic or deltoid-ovate, with a short thick awn 

 or point, the interposed mostly barbed bristles shorter than the achene. 

 Sandy wet places, N. J. to Fla., west to Ky. and Tex. 



Var. piimila, Torr. Usually low (1 -6' high or more), with 1-6 spike- 

 lets ; perianth-scales narrowly to broadly oblong or ovate, long-stipitate and 

 attenuate to a long awn ; barbed bristles usually exceeding the achene. Mass, 

 to N. J., Fla., and La. ; Mich. The commonest form. 



11. HEMICARPHA, Nees. (PI. 2.) 



Spikelet, flowers, etc., as in Scirpus, except that there is a minute translu- 

 cent scale (readily overlooked) between the flower and the axis of the spikelet. 

 Stamen only one. Style 2-cleft. Bristles or other perianth none. (Name from 

 $J/a, half, and Kap<pos, straw or chaff, in allusion to the single inner scalelet.) 



1. H. subsquarrdsa, Nees. Dwarf or minute annual (1-5' high) ; in- 

 volucre 1 -leaved, as if a continuation of the bristle-like culm, and usually with 

 another minute leaf; spikelets 2-3 (barely 2" long); scales brown, tipped 

 with a short recurved point. Sandy borders of ponds and rivers, N Eng. to 

 Fla., west to the Pacific. 



