CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 597 



sharp-edged, nerveless, the orifice entire, perfectly squarrose ; scale thin and 

 blunt, about the length of the perigynium. Wet meadows, S. Penn. and Va. 

 to 111. ; rare eastward. 



#2. -i- 2. Andmalce. 



23. C. seabrata, Schwein. Tall and rather stout, very leafy, 1-3 high ; 

 culm sharply and very roughly angled ; leaves broad and flat, very rough ; 

 spikes 3-5, scattered, the upper 1 or 2 sessile, the remainder often long-pe- 

 duncled and sometimes nodding, 1-2' long, narrowly cylindrical and com- 

 pactly flowered ; perigynium broadly ovate, prominently few-nerved, rough, 

 the beak nearly as long as the body and slightly toothed ; scale acute and 

 rough-tipped, green-nerved, about as long as the body of the perigynium. 

 Wet meadows and glades, as far west as Mich. ; common eastward. 



* 2. -t- 3. Hirtce. 



24. C. VGStita, Willd. Stout and stiff, 2-3 high; culm sharply an- 

 gled, smooth or somewhat rough; leaves narrow and rather short, rough- 

 ish; staminate spike 1, rarely 2, sessile or nearly so; pistillate spikes 2-5, 

 approximate and sessile, or rarely the lowest sub-radical, often staminate at 

 top, oblong or short-cylindric (rarely T long), compactly flowered; perigyn- 

 ium ovate, nerved, stiffly hairy, short-beaked, the beak often purple, and white- 

 hyaline at the orifice, which becomes more or less split with age ; scale thin 

 and blunt or acute, shorter than the perigynium. Tufted in sandy soils, from 

 N. Eng. to N. Y., and southward ; frequent. 



25. C. Striata, Michx., var. br^vis, Bailey. Stiff, H - 2^ high ; culm 

 sharply angled, smooth or slightly rough above, mostly exceeding the leaves j 

 leaves narrow and stiff, becoming involute ; spikes 1-2, mostly closely sessile, 

 considerably separated when two, short (rarely 1$' long) and rather thick, 

 erect ; perigynium broad-ovate with impressed nerves, smooth, ascending, short- 

 beaked and very short-toothed ; scale thin, obtuse or acutish, mostly about as 

 long as the perigynium. Pine-barren swamps, N. J., and southward ; local. 



26. C. Houghtonii, Torr. Stiff, 1-2 high, extensively creeping; 

 culm rather sharply angled, rough, exceeding the leaves ; leaves flat and very 

 sharp-pointed; spikes 1-3, sessile or the lowest short-stalked, erect, varying 

 from nearly globular to cylindric ( 1^' long), compact ; perigynium short-ovate, 

 stiffly pubescent, prominently nerved and toothed ; scale thin-margined, acute 

 or awned, shorter than the perigynium. Sandy knolls and banks from Maine 

 to Minn, along our northern borders, and northwestward ; rather local. 



27. C. filiformis, L. Tall and very slender but erect, 2-3 high ; culm 

 obtuse, smooth ; leaves very long, involute-filiform, rough ; spikes 1-3, ses- 

 sile, somewhat scattered, erect, short and thick (rarely over 1' long) ; perigyn- 

 ium very short-ovate, the teeth very short, the few nerves obscured by the 

 dense stiff hairs ; scale thin and blunt, about as long as the perigynium. 

 Bogs, throughout, north of Penn. ; frequent. (Eu.) 



Var. latifolia, Boeckl. Culm mostly rough above; leaves flat, 1-2" 

 broad ; spikes usually somewhat slimmer and scales often sharper and longer. 

 (C. lanuginosa, Michx.) Swales and low meadows, throughout; common. 



C. HfRTA, L. Variable in size (|-2 high), widely creeping; culm rather 

 slender but erect, obtuse and smooth or slightly rough above ; leaves soft and 



