CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 609 



perigynium very large and very sharply angled, the beak oblique, finely many- 

 nerved, twice longer than the sharp scale. Rich woods, N. Eng. to Mich., 

 and southward to Washington ; rare. 



H. ++ Sheaths usually purple. 



74. C. plantaginea, Lam. Slender but erect, 1-2 Q high; leaves -J-l' 

 broad, very firm, appearing after the flowers and persisting over winter, shorter 

 than the culm ; staminate spike purple and clavate, stalked ; pistillate spikes 

 3 - 4, scattered, loosely few-flowered, erect, the peduncles included in the leaf- 

 less sheaths ; perigynium smaller than in n. 73, prominently beaked, about as 

 long as the sharp scale. Rich woods, N. Eng. to Wise., and southward ; local 



* 6. - 3. Panicece. 

 H. Beak cylindrical and prominent ; plant not glaucous. 



75. C. Saltu^nsis, Bailey. Very slender and more or less diffuse, strongly 

 stoloniferous, l-l high; leaves narrow and soft, shorter than the culm; 

 spikes 2 - 3, scattered, all peduncled and more or less spreading, loosely 3-10- 

 flowered; perigynium small, nearly nerveless, thin, the beak straight and 

 sharply toothed ; scale loose, acute, shorter than the perigynium. (C. vagi- 

 nata, last ed.) Deep swamps, Vt. to Minn. ; local. 



76. C. polymorpha, Muhl. Stout, 1-2 high; leaves rather broad, 

 short ; spikes 1-2, short-stalked, erect, compact or rarely loose, usually 

 staminate at the apex, 1-J' long or less ; perigynium long-ovate, obscurely 

 nerved ; the very long and nearly straight beak oblique or lipped at the ori- 

 fice ; scale reddish-brown, obtuse, shorter than the perigynium. Moist 

 meadows, Mass, to N. C. ; local. 



w. -w- Beak short or none ; plant often glaucous. 

 = Plants of ordinary habit. 



77. C. tetanica, Schkuhr. Rather slender, rarely glaucous, somewhat 

 stoloniferous ; culm scabrous, at least above ; spikes all peduncled, the upper 

 one very shortly so, pale, all more or less attenuate below, the lower borne in 

 the axils of bracts 3' long or more ; perigynium not turgid, greenish, promi- 

 nently many-nerved, the beak strongly bent ; scale obtuse or abruptly mucro- 

 nate, all except the lowest mostly shorter than the perigynium. Meadows 

 and borders of ponds from W. Mass, westward ; common westward. Var. 

 Wo6Dii, Bailey. Very slender and strongly stoloniferous; leaves narrow, 

 very long and lax ; spikes mostly alternately flowered throughout ; scales 

 often sharper. (C. Woodii, Dewey.) Rich woods, N. Y. to Mich., and south 

 to Washington; frequent. Var. M^ADII, Bailey. Stiffer; leaves mostly 

 broader and stricter ; spikes thick and densely flowered, not attenuate at base, 

 the upper one often sessile; perigynium larger. (C. Meadii, Dewey.) R. I. 

 to Neb., and southward ; rare eastward. Var. CA.NBYI, Porter. Stout and 

 stiff ; leaves still broader (about 2" wide) and flat ; spikes thick, often % wide ; 

 perigynium long, straight or very nearly so ; scale large, nearly equalling or 

 exceeding the perigynium. E. Penn. (Canby); 111. and Wise. ; little known. 



C. PANACEA, L. Strict, often stiff, glaucous-blue 1-2 high ; culm smooth ; 

 bracts 1-2' long ; spikes 1-3, scattered, colored, peduncled, erect, rather com- 

 pact or loose below, seldom V long ; perigynium ovoid, yellow or purple, some- 

 what turgid, scarcely nerved, the point usually curved, mostly longer than the 

 purple-margined scale. Fields, E. Mass, and R. I. (Nat. from Eu.) 



