CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 613 



to N. J. and N. Y., and perhaps farther westward ; infrequent. Var. vf CKNA, 

 Dewey. Tufts looser and larger; leaves longer (often 1 or more) and laxer, 

 sometimes broader ; some pistillate spikes borne near the base of the staminate 

 on a true culm which is 3 - 8' high, one or two on each culm. With the spe- 

 cies and farther westward ; infrequent. 



91. C. nigro-marginata, Schwein. Leaves mostly stiffer than in n. 90, 

 often broader, and some of the culms prolonged ; perigynium smooth or nearly 

 so, shorter beaked ; scales purple-margined, giving the spikes a very dark or 

 variegated appearance, considerably larger and longer than in the last. Dry 

 hillsides, N. J., and southward ; local. 



* 7. H- 3. Triquetrce. 



92. C. pub^scens, Muhl. Strict, 1-2 high, pubescent throughout; 

 leaves flat and soft, shorter than the culm ; spikes 2-4, the lower 1 or 2 short- 

 peduncled, and about ' long, loosely flowered, erect ; perigynium very hairy, 

 conspicuously beaked and minutely toothed, straight, about the length of the 

 truncate and rough-cuspidate thin scale. Copses and moist meadows, N. 

 Eng. to Ky., and westward ; frequent. 



* 8. PHYLLOSTACHY^E. 



93. C. Jam&sii, Schwein. (PI. 5, fig. 17-21.) Diffuse, 6-10' high; 

 leaves very narrow (V or less), much surpassing the culm ; spike very small, 

 the staminate portion inconspicuous, the pistillate flowers 1-3 and loosely dis- 

 posed ; perigynium globular, produced into a very long and roughened nearly 

 entire beak ; scale narrow, the lowest often 1 - 2 f long, the upper often shorter 

 than the perigynium. (C. Steudelii, Kunth.) Woods, N. Y. to 111., and south- 

 ward; frequent. 



94. C. Willden6vii, Schkuhr. Lower, stiffer, the leaves broader and 

 pale ; spike larger, the pistillate flowers 3-9, compact ; perigynium bearing 

 a prominent two-edged very rough beak ; scales chaffy, nerved, as broad as 

 and somewhat longer than the perigynium, or the lowest rarely overtopping 

 the spike. Copses, Mass, to Mich., and southward; rare. 



95. C. Backii, Boott. Forming dense mats ; leaves still broader (2" or 

 more), very abundant ; staminate flowers about 3 ; pistillate 2 - 5 ; perigynium 

 more gradually beaked, smooth throughout ; scales very broad and leaf-like, 

 all exceeding the culm and entirely enveloping the spike. W. Mass, to Ohio, 

 and far westward ; local and rare, especially eastward. 



* 9. LEPTOCEPHAL^J. 



96. C. polytrichoides, Muhl. Capillary, erect or slightly diffuse, 6 - 

 18' high; leaves mostly shorter than the culm; spike 2-4" long, linear, the 

 staminate portion very small ; perigynium thin and green, nerved, about twice 

 longer than the obtuse caducous scale. Bogs ; common. 



* 10. PHYSOCEPHALJE. 



97. C. Fraseri, Andrews. Cespitose; culm 6-15' high, naked or the 

 lower portion included in loosely sheathing abortive leaves, smooth and stiff ; 

 leaves 1' broad or more, destitute of midrib, very thick and persistent, pale, 

 1-2 long; spike whitish; perigynium ovoid, faintly nerved, much longer 

 than the scale. Eich mountain woods, Va. and southward ; very local and 

 rare. A most remarkable plant. 



