618 CYPEkACEjE. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 



on the outer face, rather faintly nerved on the inner, rough-edged above, 

 sharply toothed, spreading, a little longer than the scale. Cold swamps and 

 lake-borders, N. Eng. and eastern N. Y. to N. J. ; rare. 



* 12. HYPARRH^N^E. - 1. Elongates. 



w- Perigynium very sharp-margined, jirm, often thickened at base, spreading in 

 open and at maturity stellate spikes. 



118. C. echinata, Murray, var. cephalantha, Bailey. Rather stiff 

 but slender, 1-2 high ; leaves very narrow and involute, about the length of 

 the culm ; spikes 5-8, approximate or even aggregated into a head, green, 

 compactly 15 - 30-fl owered, short-oblong or nearly globular ; perigynium ovate- 

 lanceolate, rough on the margins above, nerved on both faces, spreading or 

 reflexed at maturity, the beak long and prominent, longer than the sharp 

 white scale. (C. stellulata, last ed.) E. Penn. (Porter) to Mass. (Morong), 

 and westward to L. Superior; rare. Var. CONFERTA, Bailey. Very stiff; 

 spikes contiguous or scattered, spreading, short-oblong or globular, dense; 

 perigynium broadly ovate or even nearly round-ovate, very strongly nerved, 

 reflexed or widely spreading. Near the sea-coast; uncommon. The peri- 

 gynia resemble those of n. 112. Var. MICROSTACHYS, Boeckl. Mostly very 

 slender; spikes few, 3- 10-fiowered, usually tawny ; perigynium small, lance- 

 ovate, nerved on the outer face but usually nerveless on the inner, erect or 

 spreading, the beak rather long or prominent. (C. scirpoides, Schkuhr. C, 

 sterilis, Willd.) Swales, throughout ; very common and variable. Var. AN- 

 GUSTA.TA, Bailey. Exceedingly slender; spikes few and very few-flowered, 

 mostly all contiguous ; perigynium lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, twice the 

 length of the scale or more. N. Y., Vt., and northward ; rare. 



M. ++ Perigynium scarcely sharp-margined, thin in texture, not thickened at base, 



mostly in closely flowered and rounded or oblong spikes. 



= Perigynium ovate or nearly so, the beak short or none. 



a. Bracts not prolonged. 



119. C. can6scens, L. Stiff and rather stout, 1 - 2| high, glaucous and 

 pale throughout, growing in stools; spikes 4-8, globular or oblong, very 

 densely 20 - 50-flowered, approximate or somewhat scattered on the upper 

 part of the culm, usually prominently contracted below with the staminate 

 flowers ; perigynium short-ovate, silvery-white and minutely puncticulate, 

 never thickened at base, faintly few-nerved, smooth throughout, ascending, 

 the beak very short and entire ; scale obtuse or acutish, about the length of 

 the perigynium. Cool swamps and bogs, N. Eng. to Penn., west and north- 

 ward ; frequent northward. (Eu.) 



Var. vulgaris, Bailey. Very slender, lower, not glaucous, in small and 

 loose tufts ; spikes smaller and usually fewer, loosely flowered ; perigynium 

 mostly more beaked, prominently spreading. Mostly in drier places ; very 

 common. Perigynium much shorter than in any form of n. 118. 



Var. alpicola, Wahl. Low and stiff, or at lower altitudes becoming some- 

 what slender, seldom much over 1 in height ; spikes small, globular or nearly 

 so, dense, well defined and brown or tawny ; perigynium as in the type, ascend- 

 ing. (C. vitilis, Fries.) Mountains from N. Eng. to Ga., sparingly along 

 our northern boundary, and far westward. (Eu.) . 



