620 CYPERACEJE. ^SEDGE FAMILY.) 



both faces, the long beak rough and toothed, the margins prominent or some 

 times very narrow ; scale acute, about the length of the perigynium. Sandy 

 fields and banks, N. Eng. to Ohio, west and northward ; frequent. 

 H-t. -M. Perigynium ovate-lanceolate or narrower , scale-like, with little distinction 

 between body and margin. 



126. C. Muskingumdnsis, Schwein. Robust, erect, 2-3 high ; leaves 

 many and lax, loosely sheathing, those on the sterile shoots crowded near the 

 top, all flat and long-pointed; spikes 6-12, contiguous, erect, narrowly cylin- 

 dric (often 1' long), becoming light brown and presenting a dried appearance, 

 very densely flowered; perigyuium linear-lanceolate (3" long), prominently 

 nerved, ciliate on the white margins above, appressed, twice the length of the 

 scale or more. (C. arida, Schwein. fr Torr.) Woods and copses, Mich, and 

 Ohio to 111. and Wise. ; local. 



127. C. tribuloides, Wahl. Stout and erect, 2-3 high; leaves nar- 

 rower than in the last, loosely sheathing; spikes 6-15, aggregated into an 

 oblong or somewhat interrupted heavy head, short-oblong or sometimes nearly 

 globular, green or tawny-green, compact, not narrowed above ; perigynium 

 linear-lanceolate (3" long), obscurely nerved, erect but the points conspicuous, 

 rough-margined, nearly twice the length of the scale. (C. lagopodioides, 

 Schkuhr.) Open swales ; frequent. Var. TURBATA, Bailey. Culm softer 

 and often lax ; the leaves broader ; spikes more loosely disposed, forming a head 

 1-2' long, which is slender and more or less interrupted but always erect, 

 green, becoming tawny, if at all, only when the perigynia begin to fall, obovate- 

 oblong (^ to rarely % long), contracted below ; perigynium ascending and more 

 appressed, the points therefore not conspicuous. Woods, throughout ; rare. 

 Var. REDUCTA, Bailey. Very slender, 1-2 high, the culm projecting be- 

 yond the leaves ; spikes 2-10, small and nearly globular (usually less than 3" 

 broad), all usually distinct, the lowest separated, brown, especially at maturity, 

 the head often flexuose ; perigynium small, the points spreading and conspicu- 

 ous. Copses, N. Eng. to the Dakotas ; infrequent. 



Var. B6bbii, Bailey. Stiff or rather slender, erect, l-2 high; head 

 dense, ovoid or oblong (J-f or very seldom 1' long), the lowest spike only 

 rarely distinct, straw-colored ; spikes small (3" long or less), their axes ascend- 

 ing ; bracts at the base of the head small 'or none ; points of the small perigynium 

 conspicuous. (C. Bebbii, Olney.) Dry low grounds, throughout; common. 



Var. cristata, Bailey. Stout and stiff, l|-3 high; head more or less 

 open or at least the lower 1 or 2 spikes commonly distinct, 1' long or more, 

 green ; spikes larger than in the last and almost exactly globular, their axes 

 more divergent or fully horizontal ; bracts usually conspicuous, sometimes 

 one of them foliaceous ; perigynium spreading, the points more conspicuous. 

 (C. cristata, Schwein.) Moist ground, throughout from Penn. northward; 

 common. 



128. C. SCOparia, Schkuhr. Rather slender but erect, 1 - 2 high ; leaves 

 very narrow, shorter than the culm ; head short and comparatively thick, always 

 tawny or brown, bractless or nearly so ; spikes 3-8, all contiguous or bunched, 

 ovate-oblong, always prominently narrowed or cone-shaped above, ascending ; 

 perigynium as in n. 127, but erect or ascending. Open swales, throughout; 

 common eastward. 



