634 GRAMINE^. (GRASS FAMILY.) 



<>f the neutral flower bearing a rough awn of variable length. Varies 

 greatly ; sometimes awnless or nearly so ; sometimes long-awned, especially 

 in the var. Hi SPIDUM, a very large and coarse form with the sheaths of the 

 leaves very bristly. Moist, chiefly manured soil ; the variety in ditches, espe- 

 cially of brackish water ; possibly indigenous. Aug. -Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



6. SET ARIA, Beauv. BRISTLY FOXTAIL GRASS. (PI. 13.) 



Spikelets altogether as in Panic um proper, and awnless, but with the short 

 peduncles bearing below the joint of the spikelet solitary or clustered bristles 

 resembling awns (but not forming an involucre). Inflorescence a dense spiked 

 panicle, or apparently a cylindrical spike. Annuals, in cultivated or manured 

 grounds, with linear or lanceolate flat leaves. (Name from seta, a bristle.) 



* Bristles single or in pairs, roughened or barbed downward. 



S. VERTICILLATA, Beauv. Spike cylindrical (2-3' long, pale green), 

 composed of apparently whorled short clusters; bristles short, adhesive. 

 Near dwellings. (Adv. from Eu.) 



* * Bristles in clusters, roughened or barbed upward. 



S. GLAUCA, Beauv. (FOXTAIL. PIGEON-GRASS.) (PI. 13, fig. 1, 2.) Spike 

 cylindrical, dense, tawny yellow (2-4' long); bristles 6-11 in a cluster, much 

 longer than the spikelets ; perfect flower transversely wrinkled. Very com- 

 mon, in stubble, etc. (Adv. from Eu.) 



S. vfRiDis, Beauv. (GREEN FOXTAIL. BOTTLE-GRASS.) Spike nearly 

 cylindrical, more or less compound, green ; bristles few, longer than the spikelets ; 

 flower striate lengthwise and dotted. Cultivated grounds. (Adv. from Eu.) 



S. ITALICA, Kunth. Spike compound, interrupted at base, thick, nodding 

 (6-9' long), yellowish or purplish ; bristles 2 or 3 in a cluster, either much longer 

 or else shorter than the spikelets. Cultivated under the name of MILLET, or 

 HUNGARIAN or BENGAL GRASS ; rarely spontaneous. (Adv. from Eu.) 



7. CENCHRUS, L. HEDGEHOG- or BUR-GRASS. (PI. 14.) 



Spikelets as in Panicum, awnless, but enclosed 1 to 5 together in a globular 

 and bristly or spiny involucre, which becomes coriaceous and forms a decidu- 

 ous hard and rigid bur; the involucres sessile in a terminal spike. Styles 

 united below. (An ancient Greek name of Setaria Italica.) 



1. C. tribuloides, L. Annual; culms branched and ascending (1 high 

 or less) ; leaves flat ; spike oblong, of 8-20 spherical heads ; involucre prickly 

 all over with spreading and barbed short spines, more or less downy, enclosing 

 2 or 3 spikelets. Sandy soil, on river banks, etc. Aug. A vile weed. 



8. AMPHICARPUM, Kunth. (PI. 13.) 



Spikelets jointed upon the pedicels, 1 -flowered, oblong or ovoid, of two 

 kinds ; one kind in a terminal panicle, deciduous from the joint without fruit, 

 although the flower is perfect; the other kind solitary at the extremity of 

 slender runner-like radical peduncles (more or less sheathed toward the base), 

 much larger than the others, perfect and fertile, subterranean, fertilized in the 

 bud. Glumes 3, nearly equal, 5-nerved in the panicle, many nerved in the fer- 

 tile spikelets ; palet a little shorter ; all becoming indurated and enclosing the 

 very large grain. Stamens 3 (small in the radical flowers). Stigmas plumose, 

 deep purple. (Name from ap^faapiros, doubly fruit-bearing.) 



1. A. Plirshii, Kunth. Annual or biennial (?), erect, 1-4 high; leaves 

 lanceolate, copious on the lower part of the culm, hispid, especially on the 



