666 GfeAMitfE^. (GRASS 



is the larger glume; flowering glume conspicuously scarious at the 

 villous below the middle on the keel and margins ; culms flattish, smooth. 



9. P. flexudsa, Muhl. (not of Wahl.) Culms 1-3 high, tufted, its 

 leaves all linear (2-5' long), gradually taper-pointed ; panicle very effuse (its 

 branches 2-4' long to the 4-6-flowered spikelets or first ramification) ; flow- 

 ering glume prominently nerved, no web at the base. Dry woods, Penn. and 

 Del. to Ky., and southward. Feb. - May. Near the last. 



10. P. brevifblia, Muhl. Culms 1 - li high from running rootstocks, 

 2-3-leaved, the upper leaves very short (|- 2' long), lanceolate, all abruptly cus- 

 pidate-tipped ; branches of the short panicle mostly in pairs ; spikelets 3-4- 

 flowered ; flowering glume rather obscurely nerved, cobwebby at base. Rocky 

 or hilly woodlands, Penn., Va., and sparingly westward to Ky. and 111. April, 

 May. Culm scarcely surpassing the long root-leaves. 



65. GRAPHEPHOR-UM, Desv. (PI. 10.) 



Spikelets 2 - 4-flowered, compressed, the rhachis pilose on one side, jointed, 

 produced above the flowers into a hairy pedicel. Empty glumes thin-membra- 

 naceous, acute, carinate, mostly nearly equalling the remote flowers ; flowering 

 glume thin and membranaceous or scarious, convex, scarcely keeled, faintly 

 nerved, entire, pointless and awnless. Stamens 3. Stigmas plumose. Ovary 

 glabrous. Perennial, with linear flat leaves, their sheaths closed at base, the 

 spikelets in a loose panicle. (Named from ypaQis, a pencil, and </>e/>o>, to bear, 

 from the terminal hairy pedicel.) 



1. G. melicoideum, Desv. Culm 1-2 high; leaves roughish; pan- 

 icle open ; glumes unequal, lanceolate, their midrib and the pedicels rough. 

 N. Maine, N. Vt., Upper Mich., and northward ; rare. Var. MAJUS, Gray, is 

 a luxuriant form, 2-3 high, with ampler panicle ; borders of a swamp, Ma- 

 comb Co., Mich. Aug. 



66. SCOL6CHLOA, Link. (PI. 15.) 



Spikelets 2-4-flowered, subterete. Rhachis hairy at the base of the flowers, 

 ending in a naked pedicel. Empty glumes concave, membranaceouB, unequal, 

 the outer 3-nerved, acute, the inner 5-nerved, toothed at the apex, nearly equal- 

 ling the flowers ; flowering glume more rigid, prominently 7-nerved, toothed 

 at the apex ; nerves all parallel. Stamens 3. Stigmas plumose. Ovary hairy. 

 Tall perennials, growing in water, with loosely sheathing leaves, and spike 

 lets in a lax panicle. (Name probably from (TK&XOS, a prickle, and x^o'a, grass.) 



1. S. festucacea, Link. Stout, 3-4 high, smooth; leaves rough on 

 the margins ; panicle suberect ; spikelets 3 - 4" long. (Festuca borealis, 

 Hook.) Emmet Co., Iowa (Cratty), and northward. 



67. GLYCERIA, R.Br. MANNA-GRASS. (PI. 1.0.) 



Spikelets terete or flattish, several - many-flowered ; the flowers mostly early 

 deciduous by the breaking up of the rhachis into joints, leaving the short and 

 unequal 1 -3-nerved membranaceous lower glumes behind. Flowering glume 

 and palet naked, of a rather firm texture, nearly equal ; the glume rounded on 

 the back, scarious (and sometimes obscurely toothed) at the blunt or rarely 



