722 JUNGERMANNIACE^E. (SCALE-MOSSES.) 



1. ElJCALYX. Perianth connate at base with the inner involucral leaves^ 

 somewhat surpassing them, 3 - &-carinate, the mouth constricted. 



1. N. hyalina, Carring. Creeping, with ascending tips, the branches 

 dichotomous-fastigiate, with claret-colored rootlets ; leaves loosely imbricate, 

 decurrent, roundish, repand-undulate ; monoecious or dioacious; involucral 

 leaves broader, appressed, one connate with the lower third of the perianth, 

 which is somewhat exserted, obovate, plicate with acute rough .angles, rostel- 

 late, at length 4-cleft; capsule round-ovate. (Jungermannia hyalina, Li/ell.) 

 On banks in woods, Closter, N. J. (Austin), Ohio (Lesquereux). (Eu.) 



2. N. crenulata, Lindb. (PI. 25.) Prostrate, branching ; leaves orbicu- 

 lar, entire, larger toward the involucre and with large marginal cells ; dioe- 

 cious ; involucral leaves 2, rarely 3, adnate to the Jbase of the perianth, which 

 is flattened or terete, more or less regularly 4 - 5-plicate, the angles smooth ; 

 mouth much contracted, toothed. (Jungermannia crenulata, Smith.) On the 

 ground in old fields, N. Y. and southward. (Eu.) 



3. N. crenulif 6rmis, Lindb. Densely cespitose ; fertile stems creeping, 

 thickened upward, with numerous purple rootlets, the sterile subascending, at- 

 tenuate upward ; leaves subdecurrent, obliquely spreading, orbicular, concave, 

 entire or nearly so ; perianth small, subobovate, more or less connate with the 

 involucral leaves, not exserted or slightly so, rooting at base, triquetrous above, 

 becoming 4-7-plicate; calyptra often violet-purple; capsule oval-globose. 

 (Jungermannia crenulif ormis, Aust.) On rocks in rivulets, Closter, N. J. 

 (Austin), Coshocton Co., Ohio (Sullivant). 



4. N. biformis, Lindb. Densely cespitose, much branched, innovating 

 from beneath ; rootlets numerous ; leaves scarcely imbricate, alternate, spread- 

 ing, obliquely semicircular or broadly ovate, retuse or entire, decurrent dorsally ; 

 cells large, hyaline; branch-leaves half as large, ovate or obovate, scarcely 

 decurrent; dioecious; antheridia solitary; fruit unknown. (Jungermannia 

 biformis, Aust.) On steep wet rocks, Delaware Water Gap, N. J. (Austin). 

 2. CHASC6STOMA. Perianth exserted, subcampanulate and open, deeply 



laciniate, connate with the involucral leaves. 



5. N. fossombronioid.es, Lindb. Stems densely cespitose, ascending ; 

 rootlets numerous, purple ; leaves 2-ranked, subvertical, spreading-subrecurved, 

 rooting, closely imbricate, orbicular, clasping by a slightly cordate base, sub- 

 ventricose, undulate-repand, the apex uniplicate and slightly emarginate; 

 monoecious; perianth very large, 6- 10-plicate, the lobes entire; calyptra vio- 

 let ; capsule short-oval. (Jungermannia fossombronioides, Aust.) On rocks 

 in a rivulet, Closter, N. J. (Austin), and southward. 



27. GYMNOMITRIUM, Corda. (PI. 23.) 

 Leaves closely imbricated, 2-ranked on fascicled ascending julaceous stems, 

 emarginate-bidentate ; underleaves none. Dioecious. Involucre double, the 

 inner shorter, of 2 or more dentate and deeply cleft leaves. Calyptra short, 

 campanulate. Capsule globose, the valves at length reflexed. Elaters cadu< 

 cous. Antheridia in the axils of leaves, oval, stipitate. (Name from yv/j.i>6s, 

 naked, and {jurpiov, a little cap.) 



1 . G. concinnatum, Corda. Stems simple or imbricately branching, 

 thickened at the apex; leaves ovate, bifid, with a narrow scarious margin. 



