BONAPARTE IN ITALY. 59 
dividing your force, give him the means of beating us in 
detail, and retaking the ground he has lost. After the 
defeat of Beaulieu, you will make the expedition to 
Leghorn. . . . . The intention of the Directory is, that 
the army shall not pass beyond the Tyrol, until after the 
expedition to the south of Italy.” 
Doubtless, these general orders are not the campaign 
of Italy. No human intelligence could foresee either the 
woute that General Beaulieu would follow after his sep- 
aration from the Piedmontese army, nor the manceuvres 
of Wurmsur, nor the long resistance made at Mantua by ~ 
that old general, nor the marches of Alvinzi, nor many 
glorious incidents which I abstain from recalling; with- 
out doubt it required all the hardihood and genius of 
Bonaparte, and the codperation of such officers as Mas- 
séna, Augereau, Lannes, Murat, Rampon, to annihilate 
in a few months three large Austrian armies. Finally, 
all that I have wished to say is, that it would be unjust 
to entirely omit the name of Carnot in reciting those 
immortal campaigns. 
I should have a right to say even more were we study- 
ing another phase of those wars,—their moral and civil- 
izing phase. Who does not remember those treaties of 
peace, in which masterpieces of painting and of sculpture 
were inducements to pardon perfidy and treachery in our 
enemies, and the official visits of our victorious generals 
to diffident learned men, rendered illustrious by important 
discoveries? Well, Gentlemen, all this, whatever peo- 
ple may say of it, was prescribed by Carnot. Will any 
doubts still be entertained if I transcribe the following 
letter from our colleague, dated 
“24th of Prairial, year IV. 
“General, in recommending you, by our letter of the 
