REPEATING GONIOMETER. 161 
brought to perfection without at the same time inducing 
a corresponding amelioration in the latter. In propor- 
tion as the crystallographic ideas of Haiiy acquired more 
exactness, it was found necessary to employ, for the meas-_ 
urement of the angles of the crystals, methods of increas- 
ing precision. : 
Wollaston supplied this want by the invention of the 
reflective goniometer which bears his name.* Malus 
hesitated fully to adopt the idea, after it had occurred to him as the 
only mode of representing polarization, on the ground of being unable 
to reconcile it with mechanical notions; and this more precisely as 
to the notion of transverse vibrations alone being produced, which 
constituted this theory in all its simplicity; whereas Young had (as 
we have just seen) believed both these and longitudinal vibrations to 
coexist. To establish this point, he expressly says, was the main dif- 
ficulty which embarrassed him.1— Translator. 
* The essential principle of the reflective goniometer of Wollaston 
is extremely simple, and consists in this: a piece of crystal or any 
> x 
1 Ann. de Chimie, 1831, tom. xvii. p. 184. 
