92 



THE LARVA OR NYMPH 



[CH. 



appendage of the male, developed from the process k. In all other 

 cases, a rudimentary eleventh tergite is all that is left of the base 

 (H, t n ). 



(ii) In all cases, except in the males of Zygoptera, the certi 

 are cast off, leaving only rudimentary eleventh sternites behind 

 (H, st u ). In the males of Zygoptera, they leave behind them the 

 two "inferior appendages" of the imago, developed within their 

 bases. Thus these latter are in no sense homologous with the 

 "inferior appendage" of the Anisopterid male, which lies dorsally 

 above the anus. 



We may summarize our results in the following table : 



Table of the End-segments and Appendages of the Larval 

 Abdomen. 



Seg- 

 ment Name of Part 



/Tergite 



Sternite ... 

 JQ i Cercoids (2) 



Tergite 



Bipartite sternite 

 Appendix dorsalis 



Cerci (2) ... 



Larvae 

 Anisoptera Zygoptera 



Imagines 



Anisoptera Zygoptera 



* f <J, (superior * ($, (superior 



I appendages) . 

 | ?, (anal ap- ) ?, (anal ap- 

 l> 



* (median 



gill) 



* (lateral 

 gills) 



V. pendages) 



x 

 x 



I* in (inferior 

 appendage) 

 - in? 



pendages) 



* in cj (inferior 

 appendages) 



- or x in 2 



\ 



(Tergite (= lamina x x x x 



supra-analis) 

 Sternite ( two la- x x x 



minae sub-anales) 



* present, x rudimentary, - absent. 



The chief characters of the larvae in the various groups of 

 Dragonflies are given in chap. xiv. The principal types are shewn 

 in figs. 29, 33, 35-38, 40-42, which should prove more useful than 

 verbal descriptions. The rectal gills of Anisoptera and the caudal 

 gills of Zygoptera are dealt with in chap. ix. Since our knowledge 

 of the internal anatomy of Odonata is chiefly derived from a study 

 of the larva, the internal larval organs will be found dealt with in 

 the chapters devoted to those parts. 



