282 BIRD FRIENDS 



the outline next to it. The child takes his pencil and 

 marks back and forth a number of times across the 

 paper just over the outline already drawn. This 

 causes enough of the pencil mark to be rubbed off to 

 reproduce the outline on the second paper. The 

 child may go over this outline with a pencil to make 

 it clear, and then color it. 



Free-hand outlines of birds may be cut from 

 paper or cardboard and then colored on both sides 

 with crayons. These may be suspended by means 

 of thread to represent flying birds. Outlines may 

 also be cut from thin pieces of board with a knife or 

 fret saw, and then the two sides painted. These may 

 be fastened to sticks to make flower-sticks to put in 

 flower-pots. 



The purpose of this work is to enable the children 

 to identify the birds in the field more easily, be- 

 cause they have noted the colors and their location, 

 and they should be encouraged to look for these 

 birds. If this handwork stops in the schoolroom 

 without leading to the study of birds outdoors, it 

 may be questioned whether it is worth while. 



Bird games. The game element may profitably 

 be introduced into bird-study, especially with young 

 children. Following are some games which the au- 

 thor has seen used that help the child in describing 

 and identifying the birds : 



Games with colored pictures. Game number 1. 

 The teacher shows the pictures one at a time to the 



