50 TIMES OF MIGRATION. 
shouldered and Red-tailed Hawks, Barred and Screech 
Owls, Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers, Blue Jay, Crow, 
Goldfinch, Song Sparrow, White-breasted Nuthatch, and 
Chickadee. | 
Generally speaking, the birds in the front rank of 
the feathered army which soon will invade the land are 
those whose winter quarters are farthest north, while 
those that winter farthest south bring up the rear. 
From February 20 to March 10, therefore, we may 
expect to see Purple Grackles, Robins, Bluebirds, and 
Red-winged Biackbirds ; birds that have wintered but a 
short distance south of us—if not with us—and who 
have accepted the slightest encouragement from the 
weather as an order to advance. All the first comers 
will doubtless be males, this sex, as a rule, preceding the © 
females by several days. 
About the middle of March we may look for the 
Woodcock, Meadowlark, Fox Sparrow, Cowbird, and 
Phoebe ; their time of arrival being largely dependent 
upon the temperature—warm weather hastening, and 
cold weather retarding their movements. 
Toward the last of March, Wilson’s Snipe, the King- 
fisher, Mourning Dove, Swamp and Field Sparrows are 
due. 
Early in April the Purple Finch, White-throated, 
Vesper, and Chipping Sparrows will announce their re- 
turn in familiar notes, and at the same time Tree Swal- 
lows, Myrtle Warblers, Pipits, and Hermit Thrushes will 
appear. They will soon be followed by Barn Swallows 
and Ruby-crowned Kinglets. 
The migration is now well under way, and we go 
to the field with the assurance of meeting some lately 
arrived feathered friend almost daily. Between April 
20 and 30 we will doubtless note among the newcomers, 
the Green Heron, Spotted Sandpiper, Whip-poor-will, 
