VIREOS. 163 
within the Arctic Circle, and in October journeys south- 
ward, rarely as far as Virginia, and remains in the United 
States until April or May. 
The Loggerhead Shrike is common in the Southern 
States and Mississippi Valley, whence it has apparently 
extended eastward through central New York to Ver- 
mont and Maine. It nests in these States, but southward 
to Maryland is known only as a rare migrant—a unique 
cease in distribution. It differs from the Northern Shrike 
in being an inch and a quarter smaller, in the absence of the 
wavy bars on the breast, which is pure white, and in hay- 
ing jet-black lores and a narrow black line across the fore- 
head at the base of the bill. Its song is creaky and un- 
musical, but the song of the Northern Shrike, as de- 
scribed by Mr. Brewster, is “really pleasing,” and “not 
unlike that of the Thrasher, but more disconnected and 
less loud and varied.” 
Vireos. (FAMILY VIREONID.) 
Vireos are gleaners, and are to be distinguished from 
other tree-inhabiting, greenish birds of the same size by 
their habit of carefully exploring the under surface of 
leaves and various nooks and corners in the bark and 
foliage, while the more active Warblers are flitting about 
the terminal twigs and the Flycatchers are swinging out 
in aérial loops at passing insects. 
They are highly musical little birds, having songs and 
eall-notes which may be quickly recognized once’ they 
are known. The nests and eggs of our four summer- 
resident species are so much alike that they are to be 
known only when accompanied by their owners. The 
White-eyed Vireo inhabits thickets and, as a rule, builds 
nearer the ground than the arboreal Red-eyed, Yellow: 
throated, and Warbling Vireos. The nests are small, 
