6 OBJECTIVE SEASONAL LESSONS. 
PERMANENT RESIDENTS. 
Permanent Resident species are those which are 
represented in the same locality throughout the 
year. This does not imply that the same individuals 
live in one locality continuously ; few of our birds 
being Permanent Residents in the strict sense of the 
word. Doubtless, Ruffed Grouse, Bob-whites, and 
possibly a few other species, pass their lives in the 
vicinity of their birth; but most species ranked as 
Permanent Residents are, in fact, more or less mi- 
gratory. Thus, in the vicinity of New York city, | 
Chickadees and Bluebirds are found every month ~ 
of the year; but in October, many migrants of both 
species may be seen, and it is probable that we then 
receive our Winter Residents of these species, while 
the birds that were with us during the summer go 
farther south to pass the winter. 
List oF PERMANENT RESIDENTS. 
Bob-white. Short-eared Owl, 
Ruffed Grouse. Barred Owl. 
Red-shouldered Hawk. Great Horned Owl.* 
Red-tailed Hawk. Downy Woodpecker. 
Broad-winged Hawk.* Hairy Woodpecker. 
Marsh Hawk. Red-headed Woodpecker. 
Sparrow Hawk, (Irregular.) 
Duck Hawk.* Flicker. 
Sharp-shinned Hawk. Prairie Horned Lark.* 
Cooper's Hawk.* American Crow. 
Bald Eagle.* Fish Crow. 
Screech Owl. Blue Jay. 
Long-eared Owl.* Starling. (Introduced.) 
* Not common. 
