OBJECTIVE SEASONAL LESSONS. 7 
Song Sparrow. 
House or English Spar- 
row. (Introduced.) 
American Goldfinch. 
European Goldfinch. *(In- 
troduced.) 
Purple Finch. 
Cardinal.* (From New 
York city and south- 
ward.) 
Cedar Waxwing. 
Carolina Wren.* (From 
New York city and 
south ward.) 
Chickadee. 
Tufted Titmouse.* (From 
New York city and 
southward.) 
White-breasted Nuthatch. 
Bluebird. 
WINTER VISITANTS. 
The term Winter Visitant, like that of Summer 
Resident, is not used in an exact sense, but is ap- 
plied to birds that arrive from the north in the fall, 
pass the winter with us, and return to their more 
northern homes the following spring. Most of them 
arrive late in September and depart in April. 
In addition to these regular Winter Visitants, 
there sometimes occur irregular Winter Visitants, 
whose coming cannot be foretold. Absent some 
winters, they may be abundant others ; their pres- 
ence or absence being apparently governed by the 
supply of food to the northward. When this fails, 
they sweep southward in enormous numbers, becom- 
ing common in localities where they are usually rare 
or unknown. Pine Grosbeaks, Crossbills, and Red- 
polls are irregular Winter Visitants. 
List or Wixrer VIstTants, 
Herring Gull. Junco,° 
Horned Lark. Pine Siskin. + 
* Not common. + Irregular. 
