Brown, Olive or Grayish Brown, and Brown and Gray Sparrowy Birds 
ground, where we usually find it. It does not crouch upon the 
ground like the chippy, but with a lordly carriage holds itself 
erect as it nimbly runs over the frozen crust. Sheltered from the 
high, wintry winds in the furrows and dry ditches of ploughed 
fields, a loose flock of these active birds keep up a merry hunt 
for fallen seeds and berries, with a belated beetle to give the grain 
arelish. As you approach the feeding ground, one bird gives a 
shrill alarm-cry, and instantly five times as many birds as you 
suspected were in the field take wing and settle down in the 
scrubby undergrowth at the edge of the woods or by the way- 
side. No still cold seems too keen for them to go a-foraging; 
but when cutting winds blow through the leafless thickets the 
scattered remnants of a flock seek the shelter of stone walls, 
hedges, barns, and cozy nooks about the house and garden. It 
is in midwinter that these birds grow most neighborly, although 
even then they are distinctly less sociable than their small chippy 
cousins. 
By the first of March, when the fox sparrow and the blue- 
bird attract the lion’s share of attention by their superior voices, 
we not infrequently are deaf to the modest, sweet little strain 
that answers for the tree sparrow’s love-song. Soon after the 
bird is in full voice, away it goes with its flock to their nesting 
ground in Labrador or the Hudson Bay region. It builds, either 
on the ground or not far from it, a nest of grasses, rootlets, and 
hair, without which no true chippy counts its home complete. 
Vesper Sparrow 
(Poocetes gramineus) Finch family 
Called also: BAY-WINGED BUNTING; GRASSFINCH; GRASS- 
BIRD 
Length—5.75 to 6.25 inches. A little smaller than the English 
sparrow. 
Male and Female—Brown above, streaked and varied with gray. 
Lesser wing coverts bright rufous. Throat and breast whit- 
ish, striped with dark brown. Underneath plain soiled 
white. Outer tail-quills, which are its special mark of iden~ 
tification, are partly white, but apparently wholly white as 
the bird flies. 
162 
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