Conspicuously Red of any Shade 
Orchard Oriole 
(Icterus spurius) Blackbird and Oriole family 
Called also: ORCHARD STARLING ; ORCHARD HANG-NEST 
paar to 7.3 inches. About one-fourth smaller than the 
robin. 
Male—Head, throat, upper back, tail, and part of wings black. 
Breast, rump, shoulders, under wing and tail coverts, and 
under parts bright reddish brown. Whitish-yellow mark- 
ings on a few tail and wing feathers. 
Female—Head and upper parts olive, shading into brown; brighter 
on head and near tail.. Back and wings dusky brown, with 
ale-buff shoulder-bars and edges of coverts. Throat black. 
nder parts olive, shading into yellow. 
Range—Canada to Central America. Common in temperate lati- 
tudes of the United States. 
Migrations—Early May. Middle of September. Common sum: 
mer resident. 
With a more southerly range than the Baltimore oriole and 
less conspicuous coloring, the orchard oriole is not so familiar a 
bird in many Northern States, where, nevertheless, it is quite 
common enough to be classed among our would-be intimates. 
The orchard is not always as close to the house as this bird cares 
to venture; he will pursue an insect even to the piazza vines. 
His song, says John Burroughs, is like scarlet, ‘‘strong, in- 
tense, emphatic,” but it is sweet and is more rapidly uttered than 
that of others of the family. It is ended for the season early 
in July. 
This oriole, too, builds a beautiful nest, not often pendent like 
the Baltimore’s, but securely placed in the fork of a sturdy fruit 
tree, at a moderate height, and woven with skill and precision, 
like a basket. When the dried grasses from one of these nests 
were stretched and measured, all were found to be very nearly the 
same length, showing to what pains the little weaver had gone 
to make the nest neat and pliable, yet strong. Four cloudy- 
white eggs with dark-brown spots are usually found in the nest 
in June. 
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