WINTER WAYS OF ANIMALS 167 



summer. But one snowy time they were gone. 

 I found them about fifteen miles to the west, 

 where either less snow had fallen or the wind 

 had partly swept it away. The antelope were 

 in good condition. While I watched them a 

 number started a race. 



The wolves had also moved. A number of 

 these big gray fellows were near the antelope. 

 Just what the other antelope and the other 

 wolves who used this locality did about these 

 new folks, I cannot guess. 



Mountain deer and elk who usually range 

 high during the summer go to the lowlands or 

 several miles down the mountains for the win- 

 ter. They may thus be said to migrate ver- 

 tically. One thousand feet of descent equals, 

 approximately, the climatic changes of a thou- 

 sand-mile southward journey. They may thus 

 winter from five to twenty-five miles from where 

 they summered, from one thousand to several 

 thousand feet lower. The elk that winter in 

 the Jackson Hole region have a summer range 

 on the mountains forty or fifty miles away. 

 But elk and deer that have a home territory 

 in the lowlands are likely to be found summer 

 after summer in the same small, unfenced pas- 

 ture. 



Moose, caribou, deer, and elk during heavy 

 snows often resort to yarding. Moose and 



