434 



INDEX 



Spirodela polyrrhiza, 7, 74 (Fig. 47), 

 75, 76, 78, 80, 215 



Spurwing, 300 



" Squamulaeintravaginales," 15, 126,271 



"Starch-leaved" plants, 164 



Starwort, Water. See Callitriche 



Stems, aquatic, condensation of vascular 

 tissue, 174-180; morphology and 

 anatomy, 172-185, 187-194; poly- 

 stely, 180182; reduction of xylem, 

 172, 173; sympodial growth, 172, 173 



Stomates, on submerged leaves, 165, 

 166, 167 (Fig. 107); water stomates, 

 30, 267, 268 (Fig. 163), 269 



Stratiotes, calcophil, 287; chalky in- 

 crustation on leaves, 51; dehiscence, 

 241; dioecism, 54; flowers, 54 (Fig. 

 33); fruit, 239; geographical distribu- 

 tion of sexes, 54; habit, 53 (Fig. 32); 

 in biological classification, 7; in- 

 versely orientated leaf bundles, 52; 

 leaves, 49~53, 57. I 4 I . J 57> J 69; 

 mechanism of rising and sinking, 50, 

 51 ; Pleiocene and Pleistocene records, 

 54;roots, 50, 185, 186 (Fig. 121), 187, 

 207, 244; stem, 49 (Fig. 31), 172; 

 stomates, 51, 52; winter-buds, 53 

 (Fig. 32), 54 



Stratiotes aloides, 7, 49 (Fig. 31), 50-53 

 (Fig. 32), 54 (Fig. 33), 185-187, 215, 

 219, 241 



Submerged leaves. See Leaves, sub- 

 merged 



Substratum, influence of, 286287 



Subularia, affinities, 309; in biological 

 classification, 7 ; submerged flowering 



233 



Subularia aquatica, 7, 309 

 "Sugar-leaved" plants, 164 

 Sundew, in 



Surface-heating of ponds, 274 

 "Swan's Potatoes," 17 

 Sweden, 46, 303 

 Sweet William, 155 

 Switzerland, 302, 303 

 Sympetalae, 312, 313, 320 



Tanqui, 181 



Temperature, 273-275 



Tendril roots, of Gentianaceae, 205; 



Haloragaceae, 205 ; Hydrocharita- 



ceae, 205 (Fig. 136); Philodendron, 



206; Potamogetonaceae, 205, 206 



(Fig- 137) 



Terrestrial forms. See Land forms 

 Thalassia, leaf anatomy, 131, 169; 



marine Angiosperm, 57, 123 

 Thallus of Podostemads, 7, 114, 115 



(Figs. 76, 77, 78), 116 (Fig. 79), 117 

 Thames, 210, 273 

 Theophrastus, on ecology of aquatics, 



285; on Trapa, 207 

 Thyme, Water. See Elodea canadensis 



Tibet, 291 



Tillaea. See Bulliarda 



Tillandsia, 108, 109 



Tornelia, 142 



Transcaucasia, 303 



Transpiration current, 260-272 



Trapa natans, affinities, 311; assimila- 

 tory roots, 207, 255; buoyancy due to 

 lacunae, 192; changes in distribution, 

 302, 303; cotyledons, 245; fixation of 

 seedling, 245; fossil records, 303; 

 hypocotyl, negatively geotropic, 245; 

 reduction of primary root, 244 ; seed- 

 ling, 247 (Fig. 160); transverse helio- 

 tropism, 281; use in magic and 

 medicine, 302 



4 ; heterophylly, 



Trap ell a sinensis, 234 



Trianea, 45 



Tri folium, sleep habits of, 161 



Trifolium resupinatum, 199 (Fig. 131) 



Tristicha, dorsiventral root, 113; primi- 

 tive Podostemad, 306 



Tristicha ramosissima, 113 



Tristichaceae (see also Podostemaceae), 

 7, 112, 113, 120, 306 



Turions, 217-225; and unfavourable 

 conditions, 222-224 ; m relation to in- 

 florescences, 224, 225 ; oiAldrovandia, 

 no, 219; of Caldesia, 22, 225 (Figs. 

 148, 149) ; oiHydrocharis, 47 (Fig. 29), 

 48, 49 (Fig. 30), 219; of Lemnaceae, 

 75-77, 219; of Myriophyllum, 219, 



220, 221 (Fig. 144), 222 (Fig. 145), 



223 (Fig. 146); of Potamogeton, 66, 67 

 (Fig. 42), 68 (Fig. 43), 69 (Fig. 44); 

 of Utricularia, 101, 102 (Fig. 69), 103, 

 219, 220 (Fig. 143) 



Ulva, 27, 146 



Umbelliferae, 5, 147, 312 



Unconscious memory, 333, 347 



Upware, 216 



Utricularia, 91-109; absence of roots, 

 91, 204, 244; affinities, 313; "air 

 shoots," 96-98 (Fig. 65); anatomy, 



107, 108 (Fig. 74), 22 7; apical develop- 

 ment, 106 (Fig. 72), 107 (Fig. 73); 

 benzoic acid in utricles, 96; capsule, 

 239; carnivorous habit, 93-96, in, 

 270; comparison with Aldrovandia, 

 no; dispersal, 299; "earth shoots," 

 96 (Figs. 63, 64), 97, 270, 336, 337; 

 effect of strong light, 279 ; epiphytism, 



108, 109; floats on inflorescence axis, 

 99, 229 (Fig. 150); freezing, 220; 

 hairs inside utricle, 92 (Fig. 60), 93 

 (Fig. 61), 95 ; hairs on valve of utricle, 

 92 (Fig. 60), 94, 95; land forms, 91; 

 morphology, 73, 103-107; position 

 in biological classification, 8 ; regene- 

 ration, 104 (Fig. 70), 105 (Fig. 71), 



