PEACTICAL FORESTRY. 



side winds, a trial of many other varieties only resulting in 

 proving their unfitness for planting in such situations. 

 Two or three others, such as the English Oak, Hornbeam, 

 Beech, and English Elm, might be added to the list, but 

 they can only be recommended for planting where at least 

 partial shelter is afforded. 



Conifer ce. 



Foremost amongst these I must, from long personal ex- 

 perience and a fair trial of several kinds under exactly 

 similar conditions in every way, place the Austrian Pine 

 (Pinus aiistriaca). It grows with unusual freedom, and 

 affords a greater amount of shelter than any other tree 

 with which I am at present acquainted. 



That it will succeed well with the P. Pinaster when 

 subjected to the sea-breeze, I am now fully convinced, while 

 the amount of shelter it affords, and rapidity of growth, 

 place it far ahead -of that species for the purpose we are now 

 considering. It may not succeed so well as the Pinaster 

 when planted in pure sand, on the sea-coast, and this is 

 the only point that can be adduced in favour of the latter 

 species over P. austriaca. In the forming of many large 

 woods along the coast of Northern England I used the 

 Austrian pine in preference to many others, and happily, 

 too, for it has succeeded in a surprising manner, trees of 

 ten years' growth being fully 13 ft. in height, and nearly 

 as much in diameter of branch spread. With such a screen 

 as that afforded by the hardy Austrian, many half -tender 

 trees can be planted farther inland ; and this is the method 

 of procedure that I have found to be most successful in 

 getting up shelter along bare and fully-exposed parts of the 

 shores of Western England and Scotland. 



The Cluster Pine (P. Pinaster) and its smaller-growing, 

 variety P. maritima rmve a world-wide reputation for their 

 suitability for planting on exposed seaside tracts of ground. 

 That they are of great value for planting on sandy wastes 

 is a fact that cannot be gainsaid indeed, few other trees 

 could succeed or eke out an existence in pure sand and 

 where the roots come in contact with the salt water. A 

 great drawback to this pine is its long- tap-root and want of 



