PEACTICAL FORESTRY. 



abundant ; but, I think, that young trees, whatever be the 

 state of health, suffer alike, although where hard-wooded 

 trees form a portion of the crop the larch certainly suffers 

 less than when grown in pure woods. The moth lays its 

 eggs at the end of June on the needles of the larch ; the 

 caterpillar mining into and feeding upon the interior of the 

 needle causes it to turn faded and yellow. It lives in the 

 tube thus formed during the winter, changing to a pupa, and 

 ultimately to a moth. It is a most difficult matter with this 

 insect, as, indeed, with all others that are fairly abundant, 

 to suggest a remedy, and I have looked over and examined 

 larch plantations that are differently situated in many 

 respects to find out under what condition the attacks are 

 most persistent, but with little or no success healthy and 

 unhealthy, native or Tyrolese, sharing alike when grown as 

 a pure crop. 



Where the larches are intermixed with hard-wooded trees 

 sycamore, oak, and beech the attacks are certainly less 

 frequent, and this I have now noticed in a number of cases. 

 Trees growing at high altitudes do not seem to suffer less 

 than those at only a few feet above sea level, and this point 

 I have paid particular attention to. 



Whether the wounis caused by this insect will serve as a 

 nidus for the spores of Peziza Wilkommii has yet to be 

 determined, but special importance should be attached to 

 all laich-feedmg insects, iJ-nd their depredations minimised 

 to as great an extent as possible. 



The Lackey Moth (Clisiocampa neustria), so called from 

 the gay colours of the caterpillar, is another destructive 

 woodland pest, eating wholesale the leaves of the oak, elm, 

 beech, poplar, and most fruit trees. 



In April and May the caterpillars are hatched, when the 

 leaves are just unfolding. They form a nest or web of silken 

 hairs, generally amongst the smaller branches, in which they 

 live during the day, sallying forth in the evening to feed on 

 the tender foliage. Being very plentiful, they are usually 

 difficult to deal with, but hand-picking and destroying the 

 cocoons are the only practicable methods of meeting the evil. 



The Winter Moth (Cheimatobia brumata), and the Lime 



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