IG-i THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON. 



that the signature is but autheutication, and the body 

 of the Decision sets forth all the differences of opinion 

 existinj? amono; the Arbitrators. Thus, Mr. Adams 

 and Mr. St.'i3ni])fli were overruled on two questions; 

 and yet they signed the Act. So the Vicomte d'lta- 

 jubd was overruled on the great question of the lia- 

 bility of Great Britain for the Shena?idoah ; and yet 

 he signed the Act. In separating himself from his 

 colleagues in this respect, the British Arbitrator ex- 

 hibited himself as what he was, as most of his ac- 

 tions in the Ti'ibunal demonstrated, — as his subse- 

 quent avowal established, — not so much a Judge, or 

 an Arbitrator, as the volunteer and officious attor- 

 ney of the British Government. 



EFFECT OF THE AWARD. 



In reflecting on this Award, and seeking to deter- 

 mine its true construction, let us see, in the first place, 

 what it actually expresses either by inclusion or ex- 

 clusion. 



The Award is to the United States, in conformity 

 with the letter of the Treaty, which has for its well- 

 defined object to remove and adjust com^olaints and 

 claims " on the part of the United States." 



But the history of the Treaty and of the Arbitra- 

 tion shows that the United States recover, not for the 

 benefit of the American Government as such, but of 

 such individual citizens of the United States as shall 

 appear to have suftered loss by the acts or neglects 

 of the British Government. It is, however, not a spe- 

 cial trust legally affected to any particular claim or 



