MISCELLANEOUS CLAIMS. 189 



in conformity with the Treaty, having before them as 

 Agent for the United States, Mr. Robert S. Hale ; as 

 Agent for Great Britain, Mr. Henry Howard; with 

 Mr. James M. Carlisle as Counsel, and Mr. Thomas C. 

 Cox, Secretary to the Commission. 



The Commission will undoubtedly complete its du- 

 ties within the time prescribed by the Treaty. 



PRIVATE CLAIMS ON GOVERNMENTS. 



The intimate relation, which exists between the 

 different States of Christendom at the present time, 

 has resulted in the necessity of providing special 

 means for adjudicating the private claims of the citi- 

 zens or subjects of one Government against another. 

 It is one of the incidents of the gradual tendency of 

 modern nations to substitute reason for force, and ar- 

 bitration for war. 



The subject has not yet obtained from publicists 

 and legislators the attention which, by reason of its 

 great practical importance, and its intrinsic interest 

 as an element of civilization, it deserves. It may 

 well receive consideration here, both in itself and in 

 its relation to other congenial stipulations of the 

 Treaty of Washington. 



All the Powers of Christian Europe and America 

 are of accord, and stipulate in their treaties of amity 

 and commerce, to permit to one another's subjects 

 free ingress, residence, sojourn, and traffic in their 

 respective territories, on the same footing with the 

 inhabitants thereof, and with subjection to the lavv-s 

 of the land, more or less complete, according to local 



